tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89229682280873239002024-02-06T18:57:23.484-08:00Saince kelas 8AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.comBlogger81125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-29357082900357954272018-05-06T22:47:00.004-07:002018-05-06T22:47:45.426-07:00Teleskop<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Teleskop</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PENGERTIAN TELESKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Teleskop adalah sebuah alat bantu penglihatan (optik) untuk mengamati benda-benda yang jauh terutama benda yang berada di langit seperti bulan dan bintang. Teleskop dapat menjalankan fungsi tersebut karena kemampuannya memperkuat cahaya dan memperbesar bayangan, sehingga benda-benda yang jauh dapat terlihat lebih dekat dan jelas. Teleskop juga disebut dengan teropong.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilk-kNc9emBrAe5gWBz_WDAtK-ysjiS68-USTKv2Gg6dtb40cysO9_QcTTt5Pp2ZyfFJrs-uQNI7poJAtUDveNWC-BCxHEtWxhsxzaZINqGT8WXowXrgjBTO7ku9TYLyYwFczlaP-4aEj_/s1600/arlinadesign.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" original="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR-vGBPEl-MSP0x7Vx_Gogsna9lv7fgrfxj7w2WwwPjQoXu2IchclIRFxB1G7GVfXgU-qk3HZuRbOXxUWf1MksK-1UPCXdW99GnZu7AOwJxU_uFpTBxKVj9wGzOEc3CzbXIKa0yc38oGk/s320/teleskop.png" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilk-kNc9emBrAe5gWBz_WDAtK-ysjiS68-USTKv2Gg6dtb40cysO9_QcTTt5Pp2ZyfFJrs-uQNI7poJAtUDveNWC-BCxHEtWxhsxzaZINqGT8WXowXrgjBTO7ku9TYLyYwFczlaP-4aEj_/s640/arlinadesign.gif" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="276" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><div class="separator" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR-vGBPEl-MSP0x7Vx_Gogsna9lv7fgrfxj7w2WwwPjQoXu2IchclIRFxB1G7GVfXgU-qk3HZuRbOXxUWf1MksK-1UPCXdW99GnZu7AOwJxU_uFpTBxKVj9wGzOEc3CzbXIKa0yc38oGk/s1600/teleskop.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #138be6; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SEJARAH TELESKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hans Lippershey </span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">yang merupakan seorang pembuat kacamata berasal dari Middleburg, Belanda. pada tanggal 2 Oktober 1608 menciptakan alat pertama yang disebut sebagai teleskop. Teleskop ini mempunyai kemampuan untuk memperbesar benda-benda yang diamati hingga lima kali lipat. Setahun kemudian pada tahun 1609, Galileo Galilei menciptakan teleskop pertama yang digunakan dalam bidang astronomi, yang dapat memperbesar hingga 20 kali lipat, sehingga pada tahun 1610 ia membenarkan teori “alam semesta berpusat pada matahari”.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://softilmu.blogspot.co.id/2013/12/alat-alat-optik.html" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #138be6; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Baca juga : </a><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://softilmu.blogspot.co.id/2013/12/alat-alat-optik.html" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #138be6; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Macam-Macam Alat Optik</a><o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada tahun 1668, <b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Isaac Newton </b>menciptakan teleskop baru yaitu teleskop yang menggunakan cermin sebagai lensa. Sehingga penemuan ini merupakan titik balik dalam sejarah ilmu sains. Kemudian pada pertengahan abad ke 17, <b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Havelius</b>, seorang astronom yang berasal dari jerman membuat teleskop berlensa yang kerangkanya diciptakan dari kayu setinggi 46 meter.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Selanjutnya <b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Huygens </b>yang merupakan seorgan astronom dari Belanda menggunakan teleskop dengan lensa yang berbeda, teleskopnya juga tidak menggunakan tabung dan hanya terdiri dari dua buah lensa.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada tahun 1897, di Teluk Williams, Amerika Serikat, dibuatlah sebuat teleskop Yerkes dengan diameter 101 cm, sehingga menjadi teleskop berlensa terbesar di dunia pada saat itu. Hingga sekarang, yang menjadi teleskop terbesar adalah teleskop Keck yang di buat di puncak gunung berapi Mauna Kea di Hawaii, Teleskop ini mempunyai kemampuan untuk meilihat suatu area delapan kali lebih luas dibandingkan teleskop lain.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BAGIAN</span></b><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">-BAGIAN</span></b><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> TELESKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui untuk memahami bagian-bagian lensa adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa cembung adalah lensa yang bersifat mengumpulkan cahaya atau konvergen</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa cekung adalah lensa yang bersifat menyebarkan cahaya atau divergen</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cermin cembung adalah cermin yang menyebarkan cahaya</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cermin cekung adalah cermin yang dapat mengumpulkan cahaya</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jarak fokus merupakan jarak yang diperlukan oleh lensa atau cermin untuk mengarahkan cahaya pada titik fokus</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bidang pandang merupakan area langit atau daerah yang dapat dilihat dan diamati melalui teleskop</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perbesaran merupakan panjang fokus teleskop yang dibagi dengan panjang fokus lensa pada mata</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Resolusi merupakan jarak terdekat diantara kedua objek yang masih dapat dilihat sebagai dua objek yang terpisah</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada teleskop, bagian yang paling vital atau paling penting adalah lensanya. Teleskop memiliki dua lensa positif atau cembung, yang terletak dekat dengan objek disebut dengan lensa objektif, dan yang terletak dekat dengan mata (tempat pengamat mengintip) disebut dengan lensa okuler. Pada teleskop bumi juga terdapat lensa pembalik, yang berfungsi untuk membalikkan bayangan tanpa melakukan pembesaran sehingga bayangan akhir yang terbentuk dapat tegak seperti arah benda semula. Dahulu kala, teleskop hanya berupa lensa dan rangkanya saja, dan mengutamakan pada fungsinya, akan tetapi seiring berkembangnya zaman, teleskop pun dilengkapi dengan bagian-bagian berikut ini:<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tabung teleskop</span></span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, m</span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">erupakan tempat cermin utama terletak, tabung ini memiliki diameter 8 inci, tabung memiliki penutup tabung. Pada bagian belakang tabung terdapat visual back untuk tempat pemasangan flip mirror. Panjang fokus dapat di atur dengan memutar knop yang terletak dibawah visual back</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Finderscope</span></span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, m</span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">erupakan teleskop berukuran kecil yang dipasang pada tabung utama</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eyepiece</span></span></i><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, merupakan fungsi lensa okuler. Eyepiece ini memiliki pengunci untuk keamanannya sehingga tidak terjatuh dan hilang.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mounting</span></span></i><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, lebih dikenal dengan dudukan teleskop, merupakan sistem penggerak utama pada teleskop, yang dilengkapi dengan knop pengatur lintang, tutup sumbu polar, skala ketinggian lintang untuk mengetahui posisi lintang pengamat berada, pemberat sudut jam untuk penyeimbang pada arah sudut jam. Pada mounting juga terdapat port koneksi yang terdiri dari tombol-tombol termasuk tombol untuk menyalakan teleskop</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tripod</i>, sebagai kaki untuk berpijaknya teleskop diatas suatu permukaan</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Half Pillar</i>, untuk menaikkan posisi mounting, sehingga dapat mengatur tripod terbentur pada tiang pemberat ketika teleskop sedang digunakan</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPNgWqfuzq6h_2TP-wfAnVhD_Ay1U6FPMTI3OnqK0Bj69AokyNYMp5MsehBsHcAEe0yyRuOtKxnKN1g5QMPsHoyM_T-QSamNSoMrGpA93nXB_INSB2kD6pgUNC8P2yiLemyt-Seu_kcN0/s1600/bagian.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" original="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPNgWqfuzq6h_2TP-wfAnVhD_Ay1U6FPMTI3OnqK0Bj69AokyNYMp5MsehBsHcAEe0yyRuOtKxnKN1g5QMPsHoyM_T-QSamNSoMrGpA93nXB_INSB2kD6pgUNC8P2yiLemyt-Seu_kcN0/s1600/bagian.png" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPNgWqfuzq6h_2TP-wfAnVhD_Ay1U6FPMTI3OnqK0Bj69AokyNYMp5MsehBsHcAEe0yyRuOtKxnKN1g5QMPsHoyM_T-QSamNSoMrGpA93nXB_INSB2kD6pgUNC8P2yiLemyt-Seu_kcN0/s1600/bagian.png" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bagian Teleskop</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">JENIS-JENIS TELESKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Umumnya, teleskop terbagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu:<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Teleskop reflektor<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Teleskop reflektor merupakan teleskop yang menggunakan cermin sebagai pengganti terhadap lensa untuk menangkap cahaya dan memantulkannya.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. Teleskop refraktor<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Merupakan teleskop bias yang terdiri dari beberapa kaca lensa sebagai alat yang digunakan untuk menangkap cahaya dan menjalankan fungsi teleskop.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. Teleskop catadioptrik<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Merupakan teleskop yang mempunyai sistem kerja yang tidak jauh beda dengan dua jenis teleskop diatas. Karena teleskop ini merupakan penggabungan dari teleskop refraktor dan reflektor, yang menggunakan dua media untuk pengumpulan cahayanya, yaitu cermin dan lensa.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Contoh dari pada teleskop refraktor adalah:<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Teleskop Bumi<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Teleskop ini disebut juga dengan teleskop medan teleskop yojana, yang menghasilkan bayangan akhir tegah terhadap arah benda awalnya. Hal ini didapat dari hasil menggunakan lensa cembung ketiga yang letakkan diantara lensa objektif dan lensa okular didekat mata. Sehingga lensa cembung ketiga hanya memiliki fungsi untuk membalikkan bayangan tanpa memberika perbesaran, sehingga lensa ini juga disebut dengan lensa pembalik.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_FFo-V3wNPjPo7PpREuI2hKkMW95mndnNPGqJhFQ8mUoLOBFHFmQBUUMEqoNl1cdwMekyWxzFWUHvBPDX092RKVDjRyTFdBzGd6ZzDomk8XFKnenXXO7irIhhQ_F-o4tpxGzcruh6HuI/s1600/teleskop+bumi.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" original="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_FFo-V3wNPjPo7PpREuI2hKkMW95mndnNPGqJhFQ8mUoLOBFHFmQBUUMEqoNl1cdwMekyWxzFWUHvBPDX092RKVDjRyTFdBzGd6ZzDomk8XFKnenXXO7irIhhQ_F-o4tpxGzcruh6HuI/s1600/teleskop+bumi.png" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_FFo-V3wNPjPo7PpREuI2hKkMW95mndnNPGqJhFQ8mUoLOBFHFmQBUUMEqoNl1cdwMekyWxzFWUHvBPDX092RKVDjRyTFdBzGd6ZzDomk8XFKnenXXO7irIhhQ_F-o4tpxGzcruh6HuI/s1600/teleskop+bumi.png" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Teleskop Bumi</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. Teleskop Bintang<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Teleskop ini disebut juga dengan teleskop astronomi digunakan untuk mengamati benda-benda angkasa luar. Teleskop bintang menggunakan dua buah lensa positif, masing-masing sebagai lensa obyektif dan lensa okuler. Berbeda dengan mikroskop, pada teleskop jarak focus lensa obyektif lebih besar dari jarak fokus lensa okuler.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia90tVZ0foaazzahQz1F6QvLT5nc3meSHGcvxtfnN-cJuecP5FDZqvJIwgzyRMFNhwOpb-txNh6Tnca8ao2Q1UY4HDkpGvGhym0UYuHNxjJ4ZxE9R_w-CJiobZNkL3edM4m7LiklDQJpE/s1600/teleskop+bintang.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" original="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia90tVZ0foaazzahQz1F6QvLT5nc3meSHGcvxtfnN-cJuecP5FDZqvJIwgzyRMFNhwOpb-txNh6Tnca8ao2Q1UY4HDkpGvGhym0UYuHNxjJ4ZxE9R_w-CJiobZNkL3edM4m7LiklDQJpE/s1600/teleskop+bintang.png" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia90tVZ0foaazzahQz1F6QvLT5nc3meSHGcvxtfnN-cJuecP5FDZqvJIwgzyRMFNhwOpb-txNh6Tnca8ao2Q1UY4HDkpGvGhym0UYuHNxjJ4ZxE9R_w-CJiobZNkL3edM4m7LiklDQJpE/s1600/teleskop+bintang.png" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Teleskop Bintang</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">c. Teleskop Galilei</span></i></b><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Merupakan teleskop yang dibuat oleh Galilei dan disebut juga teleskop belnada atau teleskop tonil. Teleskop ini menghasilkan bayangan akhir yang tegak dan diperbesar dengan menggunakan dua buah lensa, lensa positif sebagai lensa objektif yang terletak dekat dengan objek dan lensa negatif sebagai lensa okuler yang terletak didekat mata pengamat.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPrp8NL2DaddOZlpqZU_n0yI1ob38uolvQK4QU0Z5oyT7dxXWHKSduSimE5O8tqtEiVT0h0K31xKfP4UFHkOnlBx7E0YUJhEFqj1CgF51N24-j6YW4xR0mdennGROTNGM7n6OWhjNdV5U/s1600/teleskop+galilei.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="400" original="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPrp8NL2DaddOZlpqZU_n0yI1ob38uolvQK4QU0Z5oyT7dxXWHKSduSimE5O8tqtEiVT0h0K31xKfP4UFHkOnlBx7E0YUJhEFqj1CgF51N24-j6YW4xR0mdennGROTNGM7n6OWhjNdV5U/s400/teleskop+galilei.png" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPrp8NL2DaddOZlpqZU_n0yI1ob38uolvQK4QU0Z5oyT7dxXWHKSduSimE5O8tqtEiVT0h0K31xKfP4UFHkOnlBx7E0YUJhEFqj1CgF51N24-j6YW4xR0mdennGROTNGM7n6OWhjNdV5U/s400/teleskop+galilei.png" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="279" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Teleskop Galilei</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d. Teleskop Prisma<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Teleskop ini Penggunaan lensa pembalik untuk menghasilkan bayangan akhir yang tegak mengakibatkan teleskop bumi menjadi tampak panjang. Untuk menghindari hal tersebut maka lensa pembalik diganti dengan penggunaan dua prisma siku-siku sama kaki yang disisipkan di antara lensa obyektif dan lensa okuler. Prisma itu berfungsi untuk membalikkan bayangan dengan pemantulan secara sempurna. Teleskop digunakan untuk melihat benda-benda yang sangat jauh sehingga tampak lebih dekat dan jelas.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg1D4y_HFcEVK5YDU7xbzrEjAjSvwZpfINEB68LKnNf132eCvliztUq1KaA-0a_e0x80LlWBlKvkhgOEACZMBUgGs0elky03nXnNe6_yqzcWxlrX0oSdrflHE6QEZETGOXQU8XKbd227k/s1600/teleskop+prisma.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="247" original="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg1D4y_HFcEVK5YDU7xbzrEjAjSvwZpfINEB68LKnNf132eCvliztUq1KaA-0a_e0x80LlWBlKvkhgOEACZMBUgGs0elky03nXnNe6_yqzcWxlrX0oSdrflHE6QEZETGOXQU8XKbd227k/s400/teleskop+prisma.png" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg1D4y_HFcEVK5YDU7xbzrEjAjSvwZpfINEB68LKnNf132eCvliztUq1KaA-0a_e0x80LlWBlKvkhgOEACZMBUgGs0elky03nXnNe6_yqzcWxlrX0oSdrflHE6QEZETGOXQU8XKbd227k/s400/teleskop+prisma.png" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Teleskop Prisma</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Contoh teleskop reflektor adalah teleskop yang menggunakan cermin cekung dan bersifat konvergen (mengumpulkan cahaya) yang pertama sekali diciptakan oleh Isaac Newton pada tahun 1668, sehingga teleskop ini disebut juga dengan teleskop Newtonian. Inilah awal dari perkembangan yang tampak dari teleskop, karena awalnya teleskop hanyalah menggunakan lensa.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kemudian pada saat memasuki abad ke 20. Teleskop-teleskop reflektor raksasa pun dibuat seperti yang digunakan pada Hale di Observatium Gunung Palomar, California, Amerika Serikat yang berukuran diameter 200 inci, teleskop ini selesai dibuat pada tahun 1948 dan menjadi teleskop reflektor terbesar didunia hingga beberapa puluh tahun setelahnya.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sedangkan contoh teleskop catadoptrik adalah mikroskop, yang mempunyai lensa objektif dan okuler, juga mempunyai cermin sebagai pemantul cahaya yang terletak dibawahnya, sehingga objek yang diamati tampak lebih jelas. Contoh lainnya yaitu terdapat pada mercusuar, lensa tele (lensa pada kamera yang dapat melakukan perbesaran yang jauh) yang biasa digunakan oleh pemburu gambar dan video pada hewan-hewan buas berjarak jauh. Juga terdapat pada kamera SLR.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">FUNGSI TELESKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fungsi utama teleskop adalah mengumpulkan cahaya dan memfokuskannya lebih besar dari segi diameternya, sehingga lebih banyak cahaya yang dapat dikumpulkan. Alhasil, teleskop dapat melihat benda benda yang letaknya jauh, bahkan tidak tampak secara kasat mata sejauh mata memandang.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Teleskop pun memiliki peranan penting dalam bidang astronomi, tanpa teleskop, ahli astronomi tidak dapat melakukan tugasnya secara detil. Sehingga setelah dipatenkan teleskop astronomi oleh Galileo, maka banyak planet dan sistem lainnya yang terletak dalam tata surya yang dapat diamati, seperti Galileo Galilei langsung mengamati planet Venus dan Jupiter dengan teleskopnya.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #252525; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fungsi teleskop yang lainnya baru ditemukan adalah hubble telescope yang diletakkan di luar angkasa untuk mengirim gambar dengan menggunakan gelombang elektomagnetik. Gelombang tersebut akan ditangkap oleh bumi dengan hasil yang jernih. Jadi, teleskop ini membantu manusia untuk mengamati benda-benda di luar angkasa.</span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CARA KERJA TELESKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cara kerja teleskop prinsipnya hanyalah mengumpulkan cahaya, apakah itu menggunakan lensa yaitu pada teleskop refraktor dan menggunakan cermin pada teleskop reflektor. Teleskop reflektor menggunakan cermin cekung, yang akan merefleksikan cahaya dan bayangan gambar yang diarahkan oleh teropong, cermin cekung ini akan menambah jangkauan sehingga dapat melihat benda yang jauh. Teleskop reflektor memiliki kelemahan yang terkadang dapat menimbulkan bayangan yang tampak menjadi tidak fokus.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5-TcKEYPshV5q2X0zRrq19mThA-zC77Kb8Z5IG6f40rlvF1Szef1D3al_Xseq_HHmTHXjRqviobMQQKfJ-9uVfiuaUsvi5l7Xu6uosdQrf_HFK_FL9UqJ_-uPNt03cQZGBn9hMC0tCzA/s1600/cara+kerja.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" original="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5-TcKEYPshV5q2X0zRrq19mThA-zC77Kb8Z5IG6f40rlvF1Szef1D3al_Xseq_HHmTHXjRqviobMQQKfJ-9uVfiuaUsvi5l7Xu6uosdQrf_HFK_FL9UqJ_-uPNt03cQZGBn9hMC0tCzA/s1600/cara+kerja.png" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5-TcKEYPshV5q2X0zRrq19mThA-zC77Kb8Z5IG6f40rlvF1Szef1D3al_Xseq_HHmTHXjRqviobMQQKfJ-9uVfiuaUsvi5l7Xu6uosdQrf_HFK_FL9UqJ_-uPNt03cQZGBn9hMC0tCzA/s1600/cara+kerja.png" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Cara Kerja Teleskop</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 34.6667px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa utama akan mengumpulkan bayangan benda dan juga cahaya yang datang, kemudian disampaikan ke retina mata melalui media rekfraksi. Media refraksimata ada lima, yaitu cahaya dan bayangan yang masuk akan sampai terlebih dahulu ke kornea (lapisan terluar mata), kemudian ke humor aquos, pupil, vitreus body, dan terakhir ke retina. Setelah sampain di retina bayangan tersebut dikirimkan melalui saraf penglihatan ke otak. Barulah seseorang dapat menginterpretasikan gambar tersebut.</span></span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-29438221788921742572018-05-06T22:44:00.002-07:002018-05-06T22:44:40.989-07:00Mikroskop<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Mikroskop</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A. PENGERTIAN MIKROSKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mikroskop</span></u></i></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> adalah alat bantu yang digunakan untuk melihat dan mengamati benda-benda yang berukuran sangat kecil yang tidak mampu dilihat dengan mata telanjang. Kata Mikroskop berasal dari bahasa latin, yaitu “mikro” yang berarti kecil dan kata “scopein” yang berarti melihat. Benda kecil dilihat dengan cara memperbesar ukuran bayangan benda tersebut hinga berkali-kali lipat. Bayangan benda dapat dibesarkan 40 kali, 100 kali, 400 kali, bahkan 1000 kali, dan perbesaran yang mampu dijangkau semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi . Ilmu yang mempelajari objek-objek berukuran sangat kecil dengan menggunakan mikroskop disebut Mikroskopi. Mikroskop ditemukan oleh Anthony Van Leewenhoek, penemuan ini sangat membantu peneliti dan ilmuan untuk mengamati objek mikroskopis.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">B. FUNGSI MIKROSKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mikroskop memiliki fungsi sebagai berikut :<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fungsi utamanya adalah untuk melihat dan mengamati objek dengan ukuran sangat kecil yang tidak bisa dilihat dengan mata telanjang</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fungsi lainnya dari mikroskop tetap akan berakar pada fugsi utamanya, bedanya beberapa jenis mikroskop dibuat untuk fungsi yang lebih detail, contohnya ada jenis mikroskop yang dibuat hanya untuk mengamati satu jenis objek mikroskopis saja.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: #f2f6c1; background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(center center, ellipse cover, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) 90%), -webkit-repeating-linear-gradient(top, transparent 0%, transparent 24px, rgba(239, 207, 173, 0.7) 24px, rgba(239, 207, 173, 0.7) 25px); border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px auto; padding: 24px 20px 24px 45px; position: relative; quotes: none; text-align: justify; text-shadow: white 0px 1px 1px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Intinya Fungsi mikroskop tetap untuk mengamati objek dengan ukuran sangat kecil (mikroskopis) yang tidak mampu dilihat dengan mata telanjang.</span></span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">C. BAGIAN BAGIAN MIKROSKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Agar dapat menggunakan mikroskop kita harus mengetahui bagian-bagiannya terlebih dahulu, untuk itu silahkan sahabat menyimak penjelasan kami tentang bagian-bagian mikroskop ini.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagian Mikroskop terbagi menjadi bagian Optik dan bagian Mekanik (Non-Optik)<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf0Vh6eIGxQqzSUF_iNEZGxCOvj6Sg13mRFqPcs5a_RI5-JNmjIjMYaqyKiMgnYRRRrAyUTQ5KrSfNOuL-NWPwfYD1nwYC05pUvC1ExhqTkAXSeIZq3ByxqKyZ0YStqvGe4wejRNuHNS0/s1600/Mikroskop.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf0Vh6eIGxQqzSUF_iNEZGxCOvj6Sg13mRFqPcs5a_RI5-JNmjIjMYaqyKiMgnYRRRrAyUTQ5KrSfNOuL-NWPwfYD1nwYC05pUvC1ExhqTkAXSeIZq3ByxqKyZ0YStqvGe4wejRNuHNS0/s1600/Mikroskop.png" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="570" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://allaboutoptics14.blogspot.com/2013/03/mikroskop-dan-bagian-bagiannya.html" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">SUMBER GAMBAR KLIK DISINI</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagian-Bagian Optik<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa Okuler,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu lensa yang terdapat di bagian ujung atas tabung pada gambar, pengamat melihat objek melalui lensa ini. Lensa okuler berfungsi untuk memperbesar kembali bayangan dari lensa objektif. Lensa okuler biasanya memiliki perbesaran 6, 10, atau 12 kali.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa Objektif,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu lensa yang dekat dengan objek. Biasanya terdapat 3 lensa objektif pada mikroskop, yaitu dengan perbesaran 10, 40, atau 100 kali. Saat menggunakan lensa objektif pengamat harus mengoleskan minyak emersi ke bagian objek, minyak emersi ini berfungsi sebagai pelumas dan untuk memperjelas bayangan benda, karena saat perbesaran 100 kali, letak lensa dengan objek yang diamati sangat dekat, bahkan kadang bersentuhan.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kondensor,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang dapat diputar naik turun yang berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan cahaya yang dipantulkan oleh cermin dan memusatkannya ke objek.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diafragma,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk mengatur banyak sedikitnya cahaya yang masuk dan mengenai preparat.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cermin,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk menerima dan mengarahkan cahaya yang diterima. Cermin mengarahkan cahaya dengan cara memantulkan cahaya tersebut.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagian-Bagian Mekanik (Non-Optik)<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Revolver,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk mengatur perbesaran lensa objektif yang diinginkan.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tabung Mikroskop,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan lensa objekti dan lensa okuler mikroskop.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lengan Mikroskop,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk tempat pengamat memegang mikroskop.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meja Benda,</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk tempat menempatkan objek yang akan diamati, pada meja benda terdapat penjepit objek, yang menjaga objek tetap ditempat yang diinginkan.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Makrometer (pemutar kasar),</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk menaikkan atau menurunkan tabung secara cepat untuk pengaturan mendapatkan kejelasan dari gambaran objek yang diinginkan.</span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mikrometer (pemutar halus),</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">yaitu bagian yang berfungsi untuk menaikkan atau menurunkan tabung secara lambat untuk pengaturan mendapatkan kejelasan dari gambaran objek yang diinginkan. </span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-type: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kaki Mikroskop</span></span></b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, yaitu bagian yang berfungsi sebagai penyagga yang menjaga mikroskop tetap pada tempat yang diinginkan, dan juga untuk tempat memegang mikroskop saat mikroskop hendak dipindahkan.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">C. MACAM-MACAM MIKROSKOP<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secara Umum berdasarkan sumber energi yang dimanfaatkan terdapat dua jenis mikroskop, yaitu :<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. Mikroskop Cahaya<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHn_QdvOsQVItws7htHOW6OBFl0ExnczD9ywIR24KNGFWPSmU5ixnK2ymFPeTFkVMC9TT-o6enOwma2XYhiK6kBJosv0Yt9w4ETlHdolZ3nWsONS0l3wEszmKGwrWg5SaiLuZxLChEi4/s1600/Mikroskop+cahaya.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHn_QdvOsQVItws7htHOW6OBFl0ExnczD9ywIR24KNGFWPSmU5ixnK2ymFPeTFkVMC9TT-o6enOwma2XYhiK6kBJosv0Yt9w4ETlHdolZ3nWsONS0l3wEszmKGwrWg5SaiLuZxLChEi4/s1600/Mikroskop+cahaya.jpg" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="240" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://biologi-news.blogspot.com/2012/05/bagian-bagian-mikroskop-cahaya.html" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">SUMBER GAMBAR KLIK DISINI</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sesuai dengan namanya, Mikroskop cahaya adalah jenis mikroskop yang memanfaatkan cahaya sebagai sumber energi agar dapat memperbesar bayangan objek. Mikroskop cahaya menggunakan lensa untuk memusatkan cahaya pada objek yang akan diamati. Biasanya sekolah-sekolah di Indonesia menggunakan Mikroskop cahaya untuk alat belajar. Sumber cahaya yang dimanfaatkan bisa berasal dari cahaya matahari, bisa juga berasal dari cahaya lampu. Biasanya mikroskop cahaya memiliki tiga lensa objektif dengan masing-masing pembesaran lemah (4 atau 10 kali), sedang (40 kali), kuat (100kali), dan lensa okuler pembesaran 10 kali. Jadi kebanyak mikroskop cahaya memiliki pembesaran maksimum 1000 kali dari ukuran sebenarnya.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mikroskop cahaya ada yang hanya memiliki satu lensa okuler (monokuler) adapula yang memiliki dua lensa okuler (binokuler). Mikroskop yang memiliki satu lensa okuler umumnya hanya mampu melihat panjang dan lebar objek, sedangkan yang memiliki dua lensa okuler bisa melihat objek secara 3 dimensi, yaitu panjang, lebar, dan tinggi objek. Mikroskop Binokuler juga dikenal dengan nama <b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mikroskop Stereo</b>.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 588px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YcNF7erRS1twXSv3SSG-u78sYQqr1ob3KFLcMCRMbHQC-Lh8pTRZICUFQr12Ws368XUysN18iBoy5xnXVGLHj0SIPNBEuxQZD-PMuAst1Em_gRUV-h-Q26iKhvOCGuy5cK8tcy5f_wA/s1600/Monokuler+dan+Binokuler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YcNF7erRS1twXSv3SSG-u78sYQqr1ob3KFLcMCRMbHQC-Lh8pTRZICUFQr12Ws368XUysN18iBoy5xnXVGLHj0SIPNBEuxQZD-PMuAst1Em_gRUV-h-Q26iKhvOCGuy5cK8tcy5f_wA/s1600/Monokuler+dan+Binokuler.jpg" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="271" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px; text-overflow: ellipsis; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Mikroskop Binokuler VS Monokuler<br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><a href="http://www.anm.co.id/article/detail/11/perbedaan-mikroskop-monokuler-dan-mikroskop-binokuler" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;">SUMBER GAMBAR KLIK DISINI</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Mikroskop Elektron<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mikroskop Elektron adalah jenis mikroskop yang memanfaatkan elektron sebagai sumber energi untuk memperbesar bayangan objek. Mikroskop Elektron menggunakan magnet sebagai pengganti lensa, yang berguna untuk memusatkan sumber energi ke objek yang akan diamati. Mikroskop Elektron mampu memperbesar objek hingga satu juta kali ukuran objek sebenarnya, dan seperti yang telah saya jelaskan sebelumnya, kemampuan memperbesar objek ini akan terus berkembang seiring kemajuan teknologi.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="separator" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfkm7jDbvWCrZlCiW_skzSVJ_fJtQxW6jV546rHSUSErlURXXXqTzWMZK6WzfhUCpkxCEkL0vfFhQkidy2e_YcVzhVQDELXskuj3fCl9lMKoaD3MWJfe-zlhoKIhvM4mF7Xj3dLuHp3k4/s1600/Zeiss-Libra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #138be6; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfkm7jDbvWCrZlCiW_skzSVJ_fJtQxW6jV546rHSUSErlURXXXqTzWMZK6WzfhUCpkxCEkL0vfFhQkidy2e_YcVzhVQDELXskuj3fCl9lMKoaD3MWJfe-zlhoKIhvM4mF7Xj3dLuHp3k4/s320/Zeiss-Libra.jpg" style="background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="247" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ada dua jenis mikroskop elektron, yaitu </span><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mikroskop Transmisi Elektron (TEM)</b><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> yang cara kerja dengan menembuskan elektron terhadap objek, dan gambaran objek terlihat pada layar.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kemudian ada <b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mikroskop Elektron Scanning</b> yang dapat menampilkan gambaran 3 dimensi dari objek dengan memberikan gambaran permukaan, jaringan, dan struktur objek yang diamati.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Furqonita, Deswati. 2007. IPA BIOLOGI untuk kelas VII. Quadra.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Saktiyono.2004. IPA BIOLOGI 1 Untuk Kelas VII. Jakarta : Erlangga.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yusa, dkk. 2009. IPA (Biologi, Kimia, Fisika). Jakarta : Grafindo Media.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wijaya, Agus. 2008. BIOLOGI VII. Jakarta : Grasindo<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nah itulah postingan kali ini dengan tema Mikroskop, semoga dapat bermanfaat bagi sahabat. Terimakasih telah berkunjung ke softilmu. Apabila masih ada hal yang membingungkan tentang mikroskop bisa ditanyakan di kotak komentar, kami akan berusaha merespon secepatnya. Semoga ilmunya terus bermanfaat. </span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: wingdings; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">J</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-42408666362704193232018-05-06T22:41:00.005-07:002018-05-06T22:41:58.780-07:00Kaca Pembesar (Lup)<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Kaca Pembesar (Lup)</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pengertian Lup (Kaca Pembesar)</span></h2>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lup merupakan alat optik yang terdiri dari sebuah lensa cembung dipergunakan untuk melihat benda kecil supaya tampak lebih jelas atau lebih besar dari ukuran sebenarnya. Lensa cembung pada lup akan membentuk bayangan maya yang diperbesar dari sebuah benda yang diletakkan di antara titik fokus (f) dengan titik pusat lensa. Benda dapat diamati dalam dua keadaaan, yakni ketika mata berakomodasi maksimum dan mata berakomodasi tidak maksimum.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada saat mata berakomodasi maksimum, benda harus diletakkan di antara lensa dan titik fokus. Sedangkan, pengamatan benda dengan mata tidak berakomodasi benda harus diletakkan tepat di titik fokus lup.</span></div>
<hr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; margin-top: 23px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />
<h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bagian-Bagian Lup (Kaca Pembesar)</span></h2>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lup terdiri atas beberapa bagian, diantaranya :</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">a. Tangkai Lup</span><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Tangkai dipakai pengamat untuk memegang Lup.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">b. Skrup penghubung</span><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Skrup penghubung ini memiliki fungsi untuk menghubungkan antara tangkai Lup<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />dengan kepala Lup.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">c. Kepala/bingkai Lup</span><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Lingkaran yang dipakai sebagai bingkai lensa cembung pada Lup</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">d. Lensa Cembung Lup</span><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Lensa cembung berfungsi untuk memperbesar benda berukuran kecil agar tampak lebih besar.</span></div>
<hr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; margin-top: 23px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />
<h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Cara Kerja Lup (Kaca Pembesar)</span></h2>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya yang melewati lup membelok ke dalam untuk mengumpul di sebuah titik focus pada sisi kedua lensa. Benda yang diamati diletakkan di ruang 1 sehingga menghasilkan bayangan maya, terbalik. Cara memakai lup ada 2 yakni mata berakomodasi maksimum dan mata tidak berakomodasi.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">1. Mata berakomodasi maksimum</span><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Akomodasi maksimum terjadi saat otot siliari mata dalam kondisi paling tegang.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Pengamatan dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum mengakibatkan mata cepat lelah tetapi keuntungannya menghasilkan perbesaran maksimum.<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Ketika melakukan pengamatan dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum benda yang akan diamati diletakkan di ruang 1, sehingga berlaku rumus lensa cembung:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1/s = 1/f – 1/s’</span></span></em></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">Keterangan :</span></em><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />s = jarak benda<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />f = jarak fokus<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />s’ = jarak bayangan</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lup adalah lensa cembung sehingga jarak fokus bertanda positif. Bayangan maya sehingga s’ bertanda negatif. titik dekat mata 25 cm<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Perbesaran anguler untuk mata berakomodasi maksimum :</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M=25/f – 25/-25 Atau M= 25/f+1</span></span></em></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimana :<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = perbesaran angular<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />f = jarak titik fokus lensa</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">2. Mata Tak Berakomodasi</span><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Mata tak berakomodasi ketika melihat benda otot siliar dalam keadaan rileks. Pengamatan dengan mata tidak berakomodai menguntungkan karena mata tidak cepat lelah tetapi perbesaran kurang maksimum. Ketika melakukuan pengamatan dengan mata tak berakomodasi benda yang akan diamati harus diletakkan tepat di titik fokus. Perbesaran anguler yang didapatkan yaitu :</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">M=25/f</span></span></em></div>
<hr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; margin-top: 23px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />
<h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Rumus Lup (Kaca Pembesar)</span></h2>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perbesaran anguler (Ma) pada lup dihitung dengan membandingkan antara sudut α dan sudut β:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="http://www.gurupendidikan.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/perbesarn-anguler-Ma.jpg" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; transition: all 0.25s ease;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img alt="perbesarn anguler (Ma)" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8503" height="63" src="http://www.gurupendidikan.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/perbesarn-anguler-Ma.jpg" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; vertical-align: middle;" width="121" /></span></a></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Karena benda sangat kecil, maka sudut α dan β juga kecil, maka perhitungan perbesaran anguler menjadi:<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Pengertian Lup (Kaca Pembesar), Rumus dan Contoh Soalnya</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="http://www.gurupendidikan.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/perbesaran-anguler.jpg" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; transition: all 0.25s ease;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img alt="perbesaran anguler" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8502" height="61" src="http://www.gurupendidikan.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/perbesaran-anguler.jpg" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; vertical-align: middle;" width="134" /></span></a></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Keterangan :</span></span></em></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ma = Perbesaran anguler<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />α = Sudut antara mata dan benda tanpa lup<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />β = Sudut antara mata dan benda dengan menggunakan lup<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />Sn = Jarak antara lensa dan bayangan benda dengan menggunakan lup (atau titik dekat mata)<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />= Jarak antara lensa dan benda dengan menggunakan Lup</span></div>
<hr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; border-bottom: 0px; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; margin-top: 23px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />
<h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Contoh Soal</span></h2>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sebuah lup dengan titik fokus 2.5 cm. tentukan perbesaran lup apabila mata tak berakomodasi dan mata berakomodasi maksimum!<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" /><em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">Diketahui :</span></em><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />f = 2.5 cm</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">ditanya :</span></em><br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M . . .?</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jawab :</span></span></em></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Mata tak berakomodasi<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = 25/f<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = 25/2.5<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = 10 kali</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. Mata berakomodasi maksimum<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = (25/f)+1<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = (25/2.5)+1<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = (10)+1<br style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;" />M = 11 kali</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 15px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Itulah ulasan tentang <a href="http://www.gurupendidikan.com/lup-kaca-pembesar-pengertian-bagian-cara-kerja-dan-rumus-beserta-contoh-soalnya-lengkap/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px; transition: all 0.25s ease;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;">Lup (Kaca Pembesar) : Pengertian, Bagian, Cara Kerja, Dan Rumus Beserta Contoh Soalnya Lengkap</span></em></span></a><em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; backface-visibility: hidden !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024) 1px 1px 1px;"> </span></em>Semoga apa yang diulas diatas bermanfaat bagi pembaca. Sekian dan terimakasih.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-37350194402820926172018-05-06T22:38:00.000-07:002018-05-06T22:38:02.105-07:00Kamera<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Kamera</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kamera adalah alat yang dapat menghasilkan gambar negatif yang kemudian dapat dicetak, sehingga hasilnya dapat kita lihat. Kamera biasanya digunakan untuk mengabadikan peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan. Kamera terdiri atas beberapa bagian, yaitu:<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 50.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1)<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: normal; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lensa cembung, berfungsi untuk membiaskan cahaya yang masuk sehingga terbentuk bayangan yang <b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.2s; vertical-align: baseline;">nyata, terbalik, dan diperkecil</b>.</span><span lang="IN" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 50.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2)<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: normal; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Diagfragma, adalah lubang kecil yang dapat diatur lebarnya dan berfungsi untuk mengatur banyaknya cahaya yang masuk melalui lensa.</span><span lang="IN" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 50.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3)<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: normal; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Apertur, berfungsi untuk mengatur besar kecilnya diagfragma.</span><span lang="IN" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 50.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4)<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: normal; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pelat film, berfungsi sebagai tempat bayangan dan menghasilkan gambar negatif, yaitu gambar yang berwarna tidak sama dengan aslinya.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 701px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YIC2lQmD2JM/V1qHlfWthkI/AAAAAAAABWo/QhXGAa6z8oISXDLKDA0oS6ZQi2zEQr90QCLcB/s1600/kamera-6-728.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.25s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YIC2lQmD2JM/V1qHlfWthkI/AAAAAAAABWo/QhXGAa6z8oISXDLKDA0oS6ZQi2zEQr90QCLcB/s320/kamera-6-728.jpg" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03) 0px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gambar 01. Bagian-bagian Kamera</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pembentukan bayangan pada kamera dapat dilihat pada gambar 5.2. Lensa positif, membiaskan cahaya dan membentuk bayangan nyata, terbalik dan diperkecil.<span class="apple-converted-space" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; content: "["; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; left: -0.1em; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transform: translateX(-100%); transition: color 0.2s; vertical-align: baseline;">Diafragma</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>mengatur jumlah cahaya yang masuk ke dalam kamera dengan mengubah ukuran <strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; content: "["; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; left: -0.1em; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transform: translateX(-100%); transition: color 0.2s; vertical-align: baseline;">aperturenya</strong>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Film merupakan media yang menangkap bayangan nyata yang dibentuk oleh lensa.</span> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Agar bayangan selalu jatuh pada film karena letak benda yang berubah, maka dapat diatur dengan menggeser jarak lensa terhadap filmnya.</span> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">s = jarak benda dalam meter, <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: 3pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:formulas style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas><v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><o:lock aspectratio="t" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" o:ole="" style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 15.75pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 12pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Suardika\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.wmz" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></v:imagedata></v:shape></span> = jarak bayangan dalam meter, <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: 5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" o:ole="" style="box-sizing: border-box; height: 15.75pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 12pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Suardika\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></v:imagedata></v:shape></span> = titik fokus lensa.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1.5em; max-width: 100%; padding: 4px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 701px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v7BqsyXc754/V1qG1kOZ29I/AAAAAAAABWU/deHOvEl_pLsZ_FhGgFB_NqZt-31_FmpagCLcB/s1600/bayangan%2Bpada%2Bkamera.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.25s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v7BqsyXc754/V1qG1kOZ29I/AAAAAAAABWU/deHOvEl_pLsZ_FhGgFB_NqZt-31_FmpagCLcB/s320/bayangan%2Bpada%2Bkamera.jpg" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03) 0px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 2px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td class="tr-caption" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><i style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gambar 02. Pembentukan bayangan pada kamera</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 35.45pt; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kamera dengan mata memiliki kemiripan, sebagai berikut:<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.5em auto 1.5em 35.45pt; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 701px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 83.35pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.2s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kamera<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid black; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.2s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mata<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid black; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.2s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Keterangan<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 83.35pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa cembung<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 83.35pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diagfragma<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Iris<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengatur besar kecilnya lubang cahaya<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 83.35pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aperture<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pupil<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lubang tempat masuknya cahaya<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1pt solid black; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 83.35pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Film<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 70.9pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Retina<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px 0px 0cm; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tempat terbentuknya bayangan<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 35.45pt; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 14.2pt; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Secara umum bagian-bagian kamera sama dengan bagian-bagian mata, namun kedua alat ini memiliki perbedaan dalam hal menempatkan bayangan pada retina/film, perbedaannya mata menggunakan daya akomodasi, sedangkan kamera menggunakan pergeseran lensa.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk melihat video bagian-bagian kamera serta persamaan kamera dengan mata dapat disaksikan pada video berikut. Semoga bermanfaat.</span></span><div class="separator" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BcmWDj_C4eE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BcmWDj_C4eE?feature=player_embedded" style="border-style: none; border-width: initial; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="320"></iframe></span></div>
</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-71616938278011366742018-05-06T22:36:00.000-07:002018-05-06T22:36:00.574-07:00Indra Penglihatan Serangga<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Indra Penglihatan Serangga</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="page" id="pageContainer26" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #252137;">
<div class="textLayer" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Masing-masing mata serangga tersebut disebut omatidium (jamak:omatidia). Masing-masing omatidium berfungsi sebagai reseptor penglihatan yang terpisah. Setiap omatidium terdiri atas beberapa bagian, di antaranya berikut ini. (1) Lensa, permukaan depan lensamerupakan satu faset mata majemuk. (2) Kerucut kristalin, yang tembus cahaya. (3) Sel-selpenglihatan, yang peka terhadap adanya cahaya. (4) Sel-sel yang mengandung pigmen,yang memisahkan omatidia dari omatidia di sekelilingnya.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berikut gambar ommatidium</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/ommaidium.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #e96e76; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="ommaidium" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-248" data-attachment-id="248" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="ommaidium" data-large-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/ommaidium.jpg?w=604?w=193" data-medium-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/ommaidium.jpg?w=604?w=193" data-orig-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/ommaidium.jpg?w=604" data-orig-size="193,262" data-permalink="https://lynnuhascience.wordpress.com/kelas-viii/alat-optik/alat-optik/mata/mata-serangga/proses-penglihatan-pada-mata-serangga/ommaidium/" sizes="(max-width: 193px) 100vw, 193px" src="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/ommaidium.jpg?w=604" srcset="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/ommaidium.jpg 193w, https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/ommaidium.jpg?w=110 110w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 5px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #e96e76; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="omma2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-249" data-attachment-id="249" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="omma2" data-large-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg?w=326" data-medium-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg?w=300&h=143" data-orig-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg" data-orig-size="326,155" data-permalink="https://lynnuhascience.wordpress.com/kelas-viii/alat-optik/alat-optik/mata/mata-serangga/proses-penglihatan-pada-mata-serangga/omma2/" height="143" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg?w=300&h=143" srcset="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg?w=300&h=143 300w, https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg?w=150&h=71 150w, https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/omma2.jpg 326w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 5px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></span></a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Setiap omatidium akan menyumbangkan informasi penglihatan dari satu daerah objek yang dilihat serangga, dari arah yang berbeda-beda. Bagian omatidia yang lain akan memberikan sumbangan informasi penglihatan pada daerah lainnya. Gabungan dari gambar-gambar yang dihasilkan dari setiap omatidium merupakan bayangan mosaik, yang</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">menyusun seluruh pandangan serangga. Sebagai contoh, mata lalat rumah terdiri atas 6000 bentuk mata yang ditata dalam segi enam (omatidium). Setiap omatidium dihadapkan ke arah yang berbeda-beda, seperti ke depan, belakang, bawah, atas, dan ke setiap sisi, sehingga lalat dapat melihat ke mana-mana. Dengan demikian, lalat dapat mengindera dalam daerah penglihatan dari semua arah. Pada setiap omatidium, terdapat delapan neuron sel saraf reseptor (penerima cahaya), sehingga secara keseluruhan terdapat sekitar 48.000 sel pengindera di dalam matanya. Dengan kelebihannya tersebut, mata lalat dapat memproses hingga seratus gambar per detik.</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 24px;">
<a href="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #e96e76; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="mata facet" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-247" data-attachment-id="247" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="mata facet" data-large-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg?w=318" data-medium-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg?w=300&h=150" data-orig-file="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg" data-orig-size="318,159" data-permalink="https://lynnuhascience.wordpress.com/kelas-viii/alat-optik/alat-optik/mata/mata-serangga/proses-penglihatan-pada-mata-serangga/mata-facet/" height="150" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg?w=300&h=150" srcset="https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg?w=300&h=150 300w, https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg?w=150&h=75 150w, https://lynnuhascience.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/mata-facet.jpg 318w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 5px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></span></a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page" id="pageContainer27" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #252137;">
<div class="textLayer" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Para ilmuwan berusaha mengembangkan peralatan yang diperlukan untuk kepentingan manusia dengan meniru rancangan mata lalat yang luar biasa. Misalnya, para ilmuwan mengembangkan alat detektor gerakan berkecepatan tinggi dan kamera sangat tipis yang dapat membidik ke banyak arah. Salah satunya dalam bidang yang memanfaatkan adalah bidang medis, untuk memeriksa bagian dalam lambung. Alat tersebut dikembangkan agar dapat ditelan oleh pasien. Jika sudah sampai di dalam lambung, alat tersebut akan mengumpulkan data melalui mata majemuknya dan mengirimkan laporannya tanpa kabel. Ada pula ilmuwan yang mengembangkan mata majemuk tiruan berukuran lebih kecil daripada kepala jarum pentul yang terdiri atas 8.500 lebih lensa. Namun demikian, kehebatan ciptaan manusia tersebut tidak ada artinya jika dibandingkan dengan mata majemuk serangga, misalnya capung yang mempunyai kira-kira 30.000 satuan optik di setiap matanya! Kamu mengetahui siapa pencipta mata majemuk serangga yang demikian hebat?</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">informasi selanjutnya bisa kunjungi alamat dibawah ini</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://repository.smpmugayogya.sch.id/document/Modul%20Student%20Book/Kelas%208%20Kurikulum%202013/Ilmu%20Pengetahuan%20Alam/Bab%2010.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #df505a; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://repository.smpmugayogya.sch.id/document/Modul%20Student%20Book/Kelas%208%20Kurikulum%202013/Ilmu%20Pengetahuan%20Alam/Bab%2010.pdf</span></a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">latihan soal . klik dibawah ini</span></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<div class="jetpack-video-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1.6em;">
<span class="embed-youtube" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="true" class="youtube-player" data-height="370" data-ratio="0.6125827814569537" data-width="604" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TU6bgQnTi18?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 370px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: 604px;" type="text/html"></iframe></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-51829582222211789832018-05-06T22:33:00.000-07:002018-05-06T22:33:32.865-07:00Indra Penglihatan Manusia<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Indra Penglihatan Manusia</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div id="content-wrapper-speedup">
<div id="main-wrapper-speedup" style="float: left; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 570px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="main section" id="main" style="padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;">
<div class="widget Blog" data-version="1" id="Blog1">
<div class="blog-posts hfeed">
<div class="date-outer">
<div class="date-posts">
<div class="post-outer">
<div class="post hentry" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="iklanatasartikel" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 12px; margin-right: 12px; text-align: left;">
<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">ndera Penglihatan</b><span style="color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> pada Manusia (Mata) : Struktur Fungsi Bagian - Mata mempunyai reseptor untuk menangkap rangsang cahaya yang disebut fotoreseptor. Oleh karena itu, pada siang hari pantulan sinar matahari oleh benda-benda di sekeliling kita dapat kita tangkap dengan jelas. Sebaliknya pada malam hari, benda-benda di sekitar kita tidak memantulkan cahaya matahari seperti waktu siang hari. Akibatnya, kita hanya mampu melihat benda-benda itu bila mereka memantulkan cahaya dari sumber cahaya lain, misalnya lampu. Perhatikan Gambar 1. untuk mengetahui bagian-bagian bola mata. (Baca juga :</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> </span><a href="http://perpustakaancyber.blogspot.com/2012/12/sistem-indera-pada-manusia.html" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Indera Manusia</a><span style="color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-133756463861678871" style="color: #555555; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: justify;">
<div id="post1133756463861678871">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJ1pr5OnZetU0S4e3e4J1dmkYnJJGSn7rX4nhiGCKv5qFG665oMi-MStcl4vmzGrKFjzk_WuXb3x7-GQJcvJiVWBRzHA34-F03igr1lq3LcgI4Ca8NOhlGpQwaOtkuZMkKh5cH6yYiW4/s1600/Bagian-bagian-bola-mata.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #5a66ff; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Bagian-bagian bola mata" border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJ1pr5OnZetU0S4e3e4J1dmkYnJJGSn7rX4nhiGCKv5qFG665oMi-MStcl4vmzGrKFjzk_WuXb3x7-GQJcvJiVWBRzHA34-F03igr1lq3LcgI4Ca8NOhlGpQwaOtkuZMkKh5cH6yYiW4/s400/Bagian-bagian-bola-mata.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; max-width: 100%;" title="Bagian-bagian bola mata" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gambar 1. Bagian-bagian bola mata</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mata terdiri atas beberapa bagian. Bagian-bagian mata dan fungsinya dijelaskan dalam Tabel 1. berikut.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tabel 1. Bagian-Bagian Mata dan Fungsinya</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div id="post2133756463861678871">
<div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 661px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.9pt;"><td colspan="4" style="background: rgb(154, 255, 255); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 281.2pt;" valign="top" width="375"><div class="Default">
<b><span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagian Mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td><td colspan="2" style="background: rgb(154, 255, 255); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 214.45pt;" valign="top" width="286"><div class="Default">
<b><span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 31.5pt;"><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 31.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sklera<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pembungkus lapisan luar<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Melindungi bola mata dari kerusakan mekanis dan memungkinkan melototnya otot mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 12.15pt;"><td rowspan="2" style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kornea<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">selaput bening tembus pandang pada bagian depan sklera<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penerima rangsang cahaya<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 12.25pt;"><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mereaksikan cahaya<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 38.5pt;"><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 38.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 38.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Koroidea<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 38.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 38.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">lapisan tengah di antara sklera dan retina berupa selaput darah (kecuali di bagian depan)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 38.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="background: rgb(205, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 38.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="Default">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyedia makan bagi bagian mata yang lain<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt;"><td rowspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 6.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Iris (selaput pelangi)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">selaput berwarna (mengandung pigmen melanin) merupakan bagian depan koroidea<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Melindungi refleksi cahaya dalam mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 23pt;"><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 23pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 23pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengendalikan kerja pupil<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 24.5pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pupil<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berupa lubang yang dibatasi oleh iris<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengatur banyak sedikit cahaya yang diperlukan mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 24.4pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 24.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">f.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berupa lensa bikonveks<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Membiaskan dan memfokuskan cahaya agar bayangan benda tepat jatuh pada retina mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 13.65pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">g.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aqueous humor<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berupa cairan encer<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menjaga bentuk kantong depan bola mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 24.5pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">h.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vitreous humor<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berupa cairan bening dan kental selaput jala<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 24.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meneruskan rangsang ke bagian mata mem-perkukuh bola mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 13.65pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Retina<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 13.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menerima bayangan dan untuk melihat benda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 12.25pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">j.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fovea (bintik kuning)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berupa bagian yang mengandung sel- sel kerucut<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sebagai tempat bayangan jatuh pada daerah retina<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 12.15pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">k.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Badan silia<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berupa otot melingkar dan otot radial yang terdekat pada ujung depan lapisan koroid yang membentuk penebalan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menyokong lensa dan mensekresikan aqueous humor<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 12.25pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">l.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bintik buta<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">tempat saraf optik meninggalkan bagian dalam bola mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 12.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tidak peka terhadap cahaya karena tidak mengandung sel konus dan sedikit sel batang<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 18.75pt;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 18.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 23.15pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">m.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 18.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Saraf mata<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 18.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 17.45pt;" valign="top" width="23"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 18.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 157.2pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">berupa serabut saraf<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 18.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 16.5pt;" valign="top" width="22"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">•<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 18.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 197.95pt;" valign="top" width="264"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #211d1e;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meneruskan rangsang cahaya ke saraf kranial (saraf optik)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Rangsang yang diterima indra penglihat (mata) berupa cahaya. Cahaya yang masuk melalui kornea akan diteruskan seperti berikut.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya <span style="line-height: 18.4px;">→ </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">Aqueous humor </span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">→ </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">Pupil </span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">→ </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">Lensa </span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">→ </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">Vitreous humor </span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">→ </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">Retina</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apabila cahaya yang masuk terlalu terang, pupil akan menyempit atau mengalami konstriksi. Bila cahaya redup, pupil akan melebar atau mengalami dilatasi. Cahaya yang dipantulkan ke mata masuk ke dalam retina khususnya pada fovea (bintik kuning). Cahaya ini dapat terfokus ke dalam fovea karena diatur oleh lensa. Lensa mata mempunyai kemampuan untuk memipih dan mencembung. Kemampuan ini disebut daya akomodasi. Coba</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Anda rasakan gerakan otot mata Anda saat membaca buku ini.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada jarak seperti ini berarti jarak benda dekat. Apakah Anda merasakan adanya perubahan pada otot mata Anda bila dibandingkan dengan otot mata yang digunakan saat melihat benda yang jauh?</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Otot yang terikat pada lensa dan dinding koroidea ini disebut otot siliaris. Otot ini berfungsi mengubah bentuk lensa. Apabila lensa digunakan untuk melihat benda jarak dekat maka lensa mata akan mencembung, bentuk lensa akan memipih bila digunakan untuk melihat benda jarak jauh. Pada retina terkandung 2 macam sel yaitu sel batang dan sel kerucut. Sel batang mengandung pigmen rhodopsin, yaitu suatu bentuk senyawa vitamin A dengan protein tertentu. Sel-sel ini paling banyak terletak di fovea dan berfungsi untuk menerima bayangan dengan cahaya lemah, dan bayangan yang terbentuk atau terpersepsi hitam putih. Perhatikan Gambar 2.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRu3q7gmewnFgWc2jZh2zwe2hS8wuQDyy_31Vd9n7L3cFLf4H5X7Do7kjws2I5BTGSbsir2UHXh1GlSPHANQCKsiWYoWrn2T09YfH9k357him-DyBx5IoorjFSXiy6frHOVrdpZMK9wgA/s1600/Sel-kerucut-dan-sel-batang-pada-mata.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #5a66ff; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Sel kerucut dan sel batang pada mata" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRu3q7gmewnFgWc2jZh2zwe2hS8wuQDyy_31Vd9n7L3cFLf4H5X7Do7kjws2I5BTGSbsir2UHXh1GlSPHANQCKsiWYoWrn2T09YfH9k357him-DyBx5IoorjFSXiy6frHOVrdpZMK9wgA/s320/Sel-kerucut-dan-sel-batang-pada-mata.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; max-width: 100%;" title="Sel kerucut dan sel batang pada mata" width="291" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gambar 2. Sel kerucut dan sel batang pada mata</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apakah Anda pernah mengalami pandangan menjadi gelap saat masuk ruangan (dari luar ruangan yang terang benderang)?</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagaimana hal tersebut dapat terjadi? Saat Anda berada di luar ruangan (terdapat cahaya matahari) sel kerucut melakukan tugasnya menyampaikan bayangan ke otak. Sementara itu, pigmen-pigmen rhodopsin dalam sel batang akan terurai sehingga sel batang tidak dapat bekerja dengan baik. Jika tiba-tiba Anda masuk ke ruangan gelap, pigmen-pigmen rhodopsin yang terurai dalam sel batang akan terbentuk kembali, dan sel batang akan mengambil alih tugas sel kerucut dalam menyampaikan bayangan ke otak. Terbentuknya pigmen-pigmen rhodopsin itu berlangsung secara bertahap. Hal ini menyebabkan seseorang tidak dapat segera melihat dengan jelas saat memasuki ruang gelap. Lama waktu yang diperlukan untuk proses pembentukan rhodopsin disebut waktu adaptasi rhodopsin.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Selain mengandung sel batang, retina juga mengandung sel kerucut atau sel konus. Sel ini mengandung iodopsin. Fungsi sel konus untuk menerima rangsang warna merah, biru, dan hijau. Setiap satu sel kerucut mengandung satu di antara ketiga pigmen. Apabila retina mata hanya memiliki satu pigmen atau sel kerucut satu maka akan mengalami buta warna. Orang yang hanya memiliki dua macam sel kerucut disebut dikromat.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sementara itu, orang yang hanya memiliki satu macam sel kerucut disebut monokromat. Pada monokromat, warna yang terlihat oleh mata hanya hitam dan putih serta bayangan kelabu.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Seluruh bagian retina terdapat sel-sel batang maupun sel kerucut, kecuali tempat saraf mata berada. Daerah tempat saraf mata ini sangat kecil hingga menyerupai sebuah titik saja. Titik kecil ini disebut bintik buta.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kemampuan lensa memfokuskan bayangan pada retina berbeda-beda. Berikut ini adalah gambar lensa saat memfokuskan bayangan tersebut.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Selain harus ada cahaya, syarat agar mata dapat melihat dengan baik yaitu mata harus dalam keadaan normal. Mata normal (emetropi) yaitu mata yang dapat berakomodasi dengan baik.Titik terjauh (punctum remotum) berada pada jarak sejauhjauhnya. Titik terdekat (punctum proximum) berada pada jarak baca ideal (25 cm) di depan mata. Perhatikan Gambar 3.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLhZhW-aoKMmS3JWtTeNmXACVGLu_JBfum5KhfaWS-tFnyzoCadVr8IewEYGFoLt57mwqpBopMEmg9oNui8K32ujiRi-IpPv19y4qQ7O15msH1XQ3Pp5lffPULkPIIE4Gr5PMjkhELeDc/s1600/Lensa-mata-mampu-memipih-dan-mencembung.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #5a66ff; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Lensa mata mampu memipih dan mencembung" border="0" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLhZhW-aoKMmS3JWtTeNmXACVGLu_JBfum5KhfaWS-tFnyzoCadVr8IewEYGFoLt57mwqpBopMEmg9oNui8K32ujiRi-IpPv19y4qQ7O15msH1XQ3Pp5lffPULkPIIE4Gr5PMjkhELeDc/s400/Lensa-mata-mampu-memipih-dan-mencembung.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; max-width: 100%;" title="Lensa mata mampu memipih dan mencembung" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gambar 3. Lensa mata mampu memipih (a) dan mencembung (b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oleh karena sesuatu hal, mata dapat mengalami cacat mata. Perhatikan Gambar 4. untuk mengetahui macam-macam cacat mata.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitHzbAB_tq-ZoT3V7TmcarU-7K1SUWk05VXctuKr9o8k1H6wQ95AvPjRKwoi7Ym_0zhzahBUsOvsexsLmaSlvqArX6O4YmaidAFJO7-b185G8nQV5LMxSVT_7XjMgOFJWpXqI9MdEWB1o/s1600/Cacat-mata-pada-manusia-hipermetropi-dan-miopi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #5a66ff; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Cacat mata pada manusia hipermetropi dan miopi" border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitHzbAB_tq-ZoT3V7TmcarU-7K1SUWk05VXctuKr9o8k1H6wQ95AvPjRKwoi7Ym_0zhzahBUsOvsexsLmaSlvqArX6O4YmaidAFJO7-b185G8nQV5LMxSVT_7XjMgOFJWpXqI9MdEWB1o/s400/Cacat-mata-pada-manusia-hipermetropi-dan-miopi.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; max-width: 100%;" title="Cacat mata pada manusia hipermetropi dan miopi" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Gambar 4. Cacat mata pada manusia hipermetropi (a) dan miopi (b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
</div>
<ol>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rabun dekat (hipermetropi) adalah cacat mata yang mengakibatkan pandangan mata kabur jika melihat benda yang dekat dengan mata. Hal ini karena lensa mata tidak dapat mencembung dengan sempurna. Rabun dekat dapat dibantu dengan kacamata berlensa positif atau cembung.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rabun jauh (miopi) adalah cacat mata yang mengakibatkan pandangan mata kabur jika melihat benda yang jauh dari mata. Hal ini karena lensa mata tidak dapat memipih dengan sempurna. Rabun jauh dapat dibantu dengan kacamata berlensa negatif atau cekung.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mata tua (presbiopi) adalah cacat mata yang mengakibatkan pandangan mata kabur jika melihat benda yang dekat maupun benda yang jauh. Cacat mata ini karena lensa mata tidak dapat berakomodasi dengan baik. Mata tua dapat dibantu dengan kacamata berlensa ganda.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Buta warna adalah cacat mata karena kerusakan sel konus, sehingga penderita tidak dapat membedakan warna. Biasanya merupakan cacat keturunan.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Astigmatisme adalah kecembungan kornea tidak merata sehingga bayangan menjadi tidak terfokus (kabur). Cacat mata ini dapat dibantu dengan lensa silinder (silindris).</span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa Kamera = Lensa Mata</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagian-bagian, fungsi, dan proses yang terdapat pada kamera dibuat seperti mata manusia. Akan tetapi, kemampuan mata dalam mencembung dan memipihkan lensa tidak dapat ditiru oleh kamera. Kamera hanya dapat menyesuaikan jarak lensa agar maju dan mundur seperti sistem mata pada ikan dan hewan lain. (Sumber: Biologi, Kimball)</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cara Mengatasi Mata Minus Secara Alami</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ada cara alami untuk mencegah, mengatasi, atau setidaknya untuk membuat miopi tidak semakin parah. Pertama, kurangi membaca di dalam mobil atau bus yang sedang berjalan. Kedua, lakukan latihan dengan memutar mata satu lingkaran penuh dari arah kiri ke kanan lalu dibalik dari arah kanan ke kiri. Lakukan latihan ini perlahanlahan, jangan terlalu keras agar retina tidak tertekan. Lakukan latihan tersebut berulang-ulang, jika kepala pusing, berhentilah sebentar kemudian dilanjutkan lagi. Latihan ini dapat dilakukan setiap hari selama 10 menit. Cobalah!</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Anda sekarang sudah mengetahui </span><b style="background-color: white;"><i><u>Indera Penglihatan</u></i></b><span style="background-color: white;">. Terima kasih anda sudah berkunjung ke </span><a href="http://perpustakaancyber.blogspot.com/" style="background-color: white; color: #5a66ff; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Perpustakaan Cyber</a><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-64785977656848048282018-05-06T22:27:00.002-07:002018-05-06T22:27:26.235-07:00Lensa<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Lensa</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">KAMERA</span></span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kamera merupakan alat optik yang dapat memindahkan/mengambil gambar dan menyimpannya dalam bentuk file, film maupun print-out. Kamera menggunakan lensa positif dalam membentuk bayangan. Sifat bayangan yang dibentuk kamera adalah <b>nyata</b>, <b>terbalik</b>, dan <b>diperkecil</b>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">Pemfokusan dilakukan dengan mengatur jarak lensa dengan film. Perubahan jarak benda mengakibatkan perubahan jarak bayangan pada film oleh karena itu lensa kamera perlu digeser agar bayangan tetap jatuh pada film. Hal ini terjadi karena jarak fokus lensa kamera tetap. Dari rumus umum optik, jika jarak fokus tetap, maka perubahan jarak benda (So) akan diikuti oleh perubahan jarak bayangan (Si)</span><span lang="IN">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">Bagian-bagian dari kamera secara sederhana terdiri dari:</span><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more" style="color: #a67c52;"></a></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa cembung</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Film</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diafragma</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aperture</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagaimanakah pembentukan bayangan pada kamera?</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span><span lang="IN"><br />Lensa positif, membiaskan cahaya dan membentuk bayangan nyata, terbalik dan diperkecil.</span><span lang="IN"> </span><b><span lang="IN">Diafragma</span></b><span lang="IN"> mengatur jumlah cahaya yang masuk ke dalam kamera dengan mengubah ukuran <b>aperturenya</b>.</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN">Film merupakan media yang menangkap bayangan nyata yang dibentuk oleh lensa.<br />Agar bayangan selalu jatuh pada film karena letak benda yang berubah, maka dapat diatur dengan menggeser jarak lensa terhadap filmnya.</span>Dengan <span lang="IN">So </span>sebagai <span lang="IN">jarak benda dalam meter, Si </span>sebagai<span lang="IN"> jarak bayangan dalam meter, </span>dan <span lang="IN">F </span>sebagai<span lang="IN"> titik fokus lensa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="IN">Perbandingan Kamera dan Mata</span></b><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> </b> <span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-shadow: rgb(238, 238, 238) 2px 2px 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="IN">Kamera</span></b><span lang="IN"></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="IN">Mata</span></b><span lang="IN"></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="IN">Keterangan</span></b><span lang="IN"></span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lensa cembung</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diafragma</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Iris</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengatur besar kecilnya lubang cahaya</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aperture</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pupil</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lubang tempat masuknya cahaya</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Film</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Retina</span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tempat terbentuknya bayangan</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secara umum bagian-bagian kamera sama dengan bagian-bagian mata, namun kedua alat ini memiliki perbedaan dalam hal menempatkan bayangan pada retina/film, perbedaannya adalah:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mata menggunakan daya akomodasi</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">kamera menggunakan pergeseran lensa</span><b> </b></span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">
<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">LUP</span></b></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" type="1"></ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span lang="IN">Sebagaimana namanya, lup memiliki fungsi untuk memperbesar bayangan benda. Lup adalah lensa cembung yang digunakan untuk mengamati benda-benda kecil agar nampak lebih besar. Bayangan yang dibentuk oleh lup memiliki sifat:<b>maya</b>, <b>tegak</b>, dan <b>diperbesar</b>. Untuk itu benda harus diletakkan di <b>Ruang I</b> atau daerah yang dibatasi oleh fokus dan pusat lensa atau cermin (antara f dan O), dimana <b>So < f</b>.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: blue;"></span><span style="color: blue;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">Ada dua cara bagaimana menggunakan lup yaitu:</span>a. <span lang="IN"> Dengan cara mata berakomodasi maksimum</span>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. <span lang="IN">Dengan cara mata tidak berakomodasi</span>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /></span><b>a. </b><b><span lang="IN">Mata Berakomodasi Maksimum</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mata berakomodasi maksimum yaitu cara memandang obyek pada titik dekatnya (otot siliar bekerja maksimum untuk menekan lensa agar berbentuk secembung-cembungnya).<br />Pada penggunaan lup dengan mata <b>berakomodasi maksimum</b>, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah:</span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bayangan yang dibentuk lup harus berada di titik dekat mata / <b>Punctum Proksimum</b> (<b>PP</b>)</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">benda yang diamati harus diletakkan di antara titik fokus dan lensa</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">kelemahan : mata cepat lelah</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">keuntungan : perbesaran bertambah (maksimum)</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat bayangan : <b>maya</b>, <b>tegak</b>, dan <b>diperbesar</b></span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>b. </b><b><span lang="IN">Mata Tak Berakomodasi</span></b><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">Mata tak berakomodasi yaitu cara memandang obyek pada titik jauhnya (yaitu otot siliar tidak bekerja/rileks dan lensa mata berbentuk sepipih-pipihnya).<br />Pada penggunaan lup dengan mata <b>tak berakomodasi</b>, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah:</span><b></b></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">maka lup harus membentuk bayangan di jauh tak hingga</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">benda yang dilihat harus diletakkan di titik fokus (So = f)</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">keuntungan : mata tak cepat lelah</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kerugian : perbesaran berkurang (minimum)</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span lang="IN">Perhitungan</span></b><span lang="IN"><br /></span><b>a. </b><b><span lang="IN">Pada mata</span></b><span lang="IN"> <b>berakomodasi maksimum</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Si = -PP = -Sn</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="color: blue;">1/f = 1/So + 1/-Sn</span><br /><span style="color: blue;"> </span><span lang="IN"><br />Perbesaran sudut atau perbesaran angular</span><br /><span lang="IN">M = (PP/f) + 1</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>b. </b><b><span lang="IN">Pada mata</span></b><span lang="IN"> <b>tak berakomodasi</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Si = -PR</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• So = f</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span lang="IN">Perbesaran sudut</span><br /><br /><span lang="IN">M = PP/f </span><br /><br /><span lang="IN"> </span><i><span lang="IN">M = perbesaran sudut</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="IN">PP = titik dekat mata dalam meter</span></i><i><span lang="IN"> </span></i><br /><i><span lang="IN">f = Jarak focus lup dalam meter</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">TEROPONG</span></span></b></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"></span> <span lang="IN">Teropong atau teleskop adalah sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk melihat benda-benda yang jauh sehingga tampak lebih jelas dan lebih dekat. Secara umum teropong terdiri atas dua buah lensa positif. Satu lensa mengarah ke obyek dan disebut lensa obyektif dan satu lensa mengarah ke mata dan disebut lensa okuler.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berdasarkan fungsinya teropong dibagi menjadi:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. teropong bintang</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. teropong bumi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. teropong panggung</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /></span> <span lang="IN">Prinsip utama pembentukan bayangan pada teropong adalah: lensa obyektif membentuk bayangan nyata dari sebuah obyek jauh dan lensa okuler berfungsi sebagai lup. Dengan demikian cara mengamati obyek apakah mau dengan cara berakomodasi maupun tidak berakomodasi tergantung dari posisi lensa okulernya. Oleh karena itu jarak antara obyektif dan okuler dapat diubah-ubah. Panjang teropong adalah jarak antara lensa obyektif dan lensa okulernya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /></span><b>1. </b><b><span lang="IN">Teropong</span></b><b><span lang="IN"> </span></b><b><span lang="IN">Bintang</span></b><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span lang="IN">Teropong bintang digunakan untuk mengamati obyek-obyek yang ada di langit (bintang). Teropong bintang terdiri dari sebuah lensa cembung yang berfungsi sebagai lensa obyektif dengan diameter dan jarak fokus besar, sedangkan okulernya adalah sebuah lensa cembung dengan jarak fokus pendek.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>Teropong Bumi</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /></span> <span lang="IN">Teropong bumi digunakan untuk mengamati obyek-obyek yang jauh dipermukaan bumi. Teropong ini akan menghasilkan bayangan yang nampak lebih jelas, lebih dekat dan tidak terbalik. Teropong bumi terdiri dari tiga lensa positif dan salah satunya berfungsi sebagai pembalik bayangan. Pembentukan bayangan pada alat ini dapat dilihat dalam gambar berikut.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Panjang teropong bumi adalah panjang fokus lensa obyektif ditambah 2 kali jarak fokus lensa pembalik dan panjang fokus lensa okuler. Dengan rumus : d = fOb + 4 fp + fOk</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /></span><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><b>Teropong Panggung</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span lang="IN">Teropong panggung adalah teropong yang mengkombinasikan antara lensa positif dan lensa negatif. Lensa negatif digunakan sebagai pembalik dan sekaligus sebagai okuler. Sifat bayangan yang terbentuk adalah <b>maya</b>, <b>tegak</b>, dan<b>diperkecil</b>.</span><span lang="IN"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span lang="IN">Prinsip kerja teropong panggung adalah sinar sejajar yang masuk ke lensa obyektif membentuk bayangan nyata tepat di titik fokus obyektif. Bayangan ini akan berfungsi sebagai benda maya bagi lensa okuler. Dan oleh lensa okuler akan dibentuk bayangan yang dapat dilihat oleh mata.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Pada pengamatan tanpa berakomodasi maka panjang teropong adalah :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d = f <sub>(Ob)</sub> – f <sub>(Ok)</sub></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="IN">d = panjang teropong dalam meter</span></i><i></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="IN">f <sub>(Ob)</sub> = panjang fokus lensa obyektif dalam meter</span></i><span lang="IN"><br /><i>f <sub>(Ok</sub>) = panjang fokus lensa okuler dalam meter</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MIKROSKOP</span></span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span lang="IN">LUP sebagai alat yang dapat digunakan untuk mengamati benda-benda kecil memiliki keterbatasan. Untuk itu diperlukan alat optik yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memperbesar bayangan hingga berlipat-lipat. Alat ini dikenal dengan nama mikroskop. Mikroskop yang paling sederhana menggunakan kombinasi dua buah lensa positif, dengan panjang titik fokus obyektif lebih kecil daripada jarak titik fokus lensa okuler.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /></span><span style="color: blue;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prinsip Kerja:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span lang="IN">Prinsip kerja mikroskop adalah obyek ditempatkan di ruang dua lensa obyektif sehingga terbentuk bayangan nyata terbalik dan diperbesar. Lensa okuler mempunyai peran seperti lup, sehingga pengamat dapat melakukan dua jenis pengamatan yaitu dengan mata tak berakomodasi atau dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum. Pilihan jenis pengamatan ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara menggeser jarak benda terhadap lensa obyektif yang dilakukan dengan tombol <b>soft adjustment</b> (tombol halus yang digunakan untuk menemukan fokus). Kegiatan berikut ini akan memperlihatkan pembentukan bayangan pada mikroskop.<br /></span><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pembentukan Bayangan pada Mikroskop</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum.<br /><span style="color: blue;"></span>Pengamatan ini menempatkan bayangan akhir (bayangan lensa okuler) maya pada titik dekat pengamat (PP). Perbesaran mikroskop pada pengamatan ini adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span lang="IN">M = M</span><span lang="IN"><i><sub>(Ob)</sub></i></span> + M<span lang="IN"><i><sub>(Ok)</sub></i></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3896376846369464710" imageanchor="1" style="color: #a67c52; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">M = (</span><span lang="IN"><i>S’<sub>(Ob) </sub></i></span><span lang="IN"><i>/ </i></span><span lang="IN"><i>S<sub>(Ok)</sub></i></span><span lang="IN"><i> ) X (PP/ </i></span><span lang="IN"><i>f<sub>(Ok) </sub></i></span><span lang="IN"><i>+ 1)</i></span><br /><br /><span style="color: blue;"></span><span lang="IN"><i>Keterangan:</i><br /><i>S<sub>(Ob)</sub> = Jarak benda lensa obyektif dalam meter<br />S’<sub>(Ob)</sub> = Jarak bayangan lensa obyektif dalam meter<br />PP = titik dekat pengamat dalam meter</i></span><br /><span lang="IN"><i>f<sub>(Ok)</sub> = panjang fokus lensa okuler dalam meter</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop dengan mata tidak berakomodasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://kaita91.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/hal24.jpg" style="color: #a67c52; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">Pengamatan ini menempatkan bayangan akhir (bayangan lensa okuler) maya pada titik jauh pengamat (PR).Perbesaran mikroskop pada pengamatan ini adalah:</span><br /><span lang="IN"></span><br /><span lang="IN">M = (</span><span lang="IN"><i>S’<sub>(Ob) </sub></i></span><span lang="IN"><i>/ </i></span><span lang="IN"><i>S<sub>(Ok)</sub></i></span><span lang="IN"><i> ) X (PP/ </i></span><span lang="IN"><i>f<sub>(Ok) </sub></i></span><span lang="IN"><i>)</i></span><br /><br /><span lang="IN"><i>S<sub>(Ob)</sub> = Jarak benda lensa obyektif dalam meter</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="IN">S’<sub>(Ob)</sub> = Jarak bayangan lensa obyektif dalam meter</span></i><i></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="IN">PP = titik dekat pengamat dalam meter</span></i><br /><i><span lang="IN">f<sub>(Ok)</sub> = panjang fokus lensa okuler dalam meter</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /></span><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Panjang Mikroskop</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span lang="IN">Panjang mikroskop diukur dari jarak antara lensa obyektif dan lensa okuler. Untuk masing-masing jenis pengamatan, panjang mikroskop dapat dihitung dengan cara yang berbeda.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A. Mata berakomodasi maksimum</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d = Si<sub>(Ob)</sub> + So<sub>(Ok)</sub></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">B. Mata tak berakomodasi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN">d = Si<sub>(Ob)</sub> + f<sub>(Ok)</sub></span><sub></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN"><br /><i>Keterangan:<br />d = panjang mikroskop dalam meter</i></span><i></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="IN">Si<sub>(Ob)</sub> = jarak bayangan lensa obyektif dalam meter</span></i><i></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span lang="IN">So<sub>(Ok)</sub> = jarak benda lensa okulerdalam meter</span></i><br /><i><span lang="IN">f<sub>(Ok)</sub> = jarak fokus lensa okuler dalam meter</span></i>.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-6461590562217389172018-05-06T22:19:00.001-07:002018-05-06T22:19:12.207-07:00Pembentukan Bayangan pada Cermin<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Pembentukan Bayangan pada Cermin</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Pembentukan bayangan</strong> pada cermin dapat diuraikan dalam 3 jenis cermin. Yaitu <span class="wp_keywordlink_affiliate" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/tag/pembentukan-bayangan-pada-cermin-datar/" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="View all posts in pembentukan bayangan pada cermin datar">pembentukan bayangan pada cermin datar</a></span>, cermin cekung dan cermin cembung. Bayangan yang idhasilkan oleh cermin yang berbeda ini memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda sebagai berikut.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Advertisment</span></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br />Pembentukan Bayangan Pada Cermin Datar</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada pemantulan terhadap cermin datar, ukuran benda sama dengan ukuran bayangan dan jarak benda sama dengan jarak bayangan.</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Lukisan bayangan pada cermin datar</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/pemantulan-pada-cermin-datar/" rel="attachment wp-att-2969" style="border: 0px; clear: left; color: #212121; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Pemantulan pada cermin datar" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2969" height="297" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Pemantulan-pada-cermin-datar.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Pemantulan-pada-cermin-datar.jpg 257w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Pemantulan-pada-cermin-datar-50x47.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lukisan bayangan pada cermin datar dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Untuk melukis bayangan digunakan aturan hukum pemantulan.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat bayangan:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. maya/semu/virtuil<br />b. tegak<br />c. sama besar</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Panjang Cermin Minimum</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Agar seluruh bayangan terlihat pada cermin datar, maka panjang cermin (ρ) adalah setengah dari tinggi benda (ho)</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/panjang-cermin-minimum/" rel="attachment wp-att-2970" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Panjang Cermin Minimum" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2970" height="241" sizes="(max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Panjang-Cermin-Minimum.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Panjang-Cermin-Minimum.jpg 244w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Panjang-Cermin-Minimum-50x50.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;" width="244" /></span></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<img align="absmiddle" alt="\rho=\frac{1}{2}h_{o}" class="mathtex-equation-editor aligncenter" src="http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?cht=tx&chl=%5Crho%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dh_%7Bo%7D" style="display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">dengan :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ρ = panjang cermin (m)<br />ho = tinggi benda (m)</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tinggi cermin yang diperlukan untuk melihat seluruh bayangan anak adalah setengah tinggi anak tersebut.</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Dua Buah Cermin Datar yang Membentuk Sudut</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/dua-buah-cermin-datar-yang-membentuk-sudut/" rel="attachment wp-att-2971" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Dua Buah Cermin Datar yang Membentuk Sudut" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2971" height="124" sizes="(max-width: 183px) 100vw, 183px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Dua-Buah-Cermin-Datar-yang-Membentuk-Sudut.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Dua-Buah-Cermin-Datar-yang-Membentuk-Sudut.jpg 183w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Dua-Buah-Cermin-Datar-yang-Membentuk-Sudut-50x34.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;" width="183" /></span></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jumlah bayangan yang dihasilkan kedua cermin dihitung dengan rumus:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img align="absmiddle" alt="n=\frac{360^{o}}{\alpha}-1" class="mathtex-equation-editor" src="http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?cht=tx&chl=n%3D%5Cfrac%7B360%5E%7Bo%7D%7D%7B%5Calpha%7D-1" style="max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">dengan :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">n = jumlah bayangan<br />α = sudut antara kedua cermin datar (o)</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pembentukan Bayangan Pada Cermin Cekung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cermin cekung adalah cermin yang bidang pantulnya melengkung ke dalam. Sendok dan mangkuk merupakan contoh benda yang permukaannya cekung. Tampak pada mangkok dan sendok bayangan dari apel. Untuk memahami bagaimana bayangan terbentuk, terlebih dulu harus memahami sifat, bagian-bagian cermin dan sinar-sinar istimewa yang berlaku pada cermin tersebut.</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sifat Cermin Cekung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bila berkas sinar sejajar sumbu utama dijatuhkan ke sebuah cermin cekung, maka sinar pantulnya akan mengumpul (konvergen). Karena sifat inilah, maka cermin cekung disebut juga cermin konvergen.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/sifat-cermin-cekung/" rel="attachment wp-att-2972" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Sifat Cermin Cekung" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2972" height="178" sizes="(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sifat-Cermin-Cekung.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sifat-Cermin-Cekung.jpg 297w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sifat-Cermin-Cekung-50x30.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" width="297" /></a>Sinar-sinar sejajar sumbu utama dipantulkan melalui titik fokus.</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bagian-bagian Cermin Cekung/Konvergen</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/bagian-bagian-cermin-cekungkonvergen/" rel="attachment wp-att-2973" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Bagian-bagian Cermin Cekung/Konvergen" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2973" height="199" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-bagian-Cermin-CekungKonvergen-300x199.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-bagian-Cermin-CekungKonvergen-300x199.jpg 300w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-bagian-Cermin-CekungKonvergen-50x33.jpg 50w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-bagian-Cermin-CekungKonvergen.jpg 341w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" width="300" /></a>Bagian-bagian cermin cekung</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img align="absmiddle" alt="f=\frac{1}{2}R" class="mathtex-equation-editor" src="http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?cht=tx&chl=f%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7DR" style="max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" /> 1, 2, 3, dan 4 merupakan ruang benda dan ruang bayangan</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dengan :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">O = titik pusat bidang cermin<br />F = titik fokus<br />M = titik pusat kelengkungan cermin<br />f = jarak fokus cermin (cm)<br />R = jari-jari cermin (cm)<br />SU = sumbu utama</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sinar-sinar Istimewa pada Cermin Cekung</span></h3>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 5px 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar datang sejajar sumbu utama cermin akan dipantulkan melalui titik fokus F.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar datang melalui titik fokus F akan dipantulkan sejajar sumbu utama.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar datang melalui titik pusat kelengkungan M akan dipantulkan kembali melalui titik M.</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/sinar-sinar-istimewa-pada-cermin-cekung/" rel="attachment wp-att-2974" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Sinar-sinar Istimewa pada Cermin Cekung" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2974" height="189" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-sinar-Istimewa-pada-Cermin-Cekung-300x189.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-sinar-Istimewa-pada-Cermin-Cekung-300x189.jpg 300w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-sinar-Istimewa-pada-Cermin-Cekung-50x31.jpg 50w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-sinar-Istimewa-pada-Cermin-Cekung.jpg 487w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" width="300" /></a>Sinar-sinar Istimewa pada Cermin Cekung</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Lukisan Bayangan Pada Cermin Cekung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Untuk melukis bayangan yang dihasilkan oleh cermin cekung dapat digunakan 2 di antara 3 sifat sinar-sinar istimewa.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/bayangan-benda-pada-cermin-cekung/" rel="attachment wp-att-2975" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Bayangan benda pada cermin cekung" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2975" height="187" sizes="(max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bayangan-benda-pada-cermin-cekung.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bayangan-benda-pada-cermin-cekung.jpg 287w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bayangan-benda-pada-cermin-cekung-50x33.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" width="287" /></a>Bayangan benda pada cermin cekung</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat bayangan:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 5px 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">nyata</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">terbalik</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">diperkecil</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada cermin cekung berlaku “aturan 5”, yaitu:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 5px 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jika benda di ruang (1), bayangan di ruang (4)</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jika benda di ruang (2), bayangan di ruang (3)</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jika benda di ruang (3), bayangan di ruang (2)</span></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pembentukan Bayangan Pada Cermin Cembung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cermin cembung adalah cermin yang bidang pantulnya melengkung keluar. Contoh lain dari cermin cembung adalah kaca spion. Bagaimanakah proses terbentuknya bayangan? Untuk itu kita harus memahami sifat, bagian-bagian cermin, dan sinar-sinar istimewa yang berlaku pada cermin cembung.</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sifat Cermin Cembung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bila berkas sinar sejajar sumbu utama dijatuhkan pada cermin cembung maka berkas sinar akan dipantulkan menyebar (divergen) seolah-olah berasal dari titik fokus.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/sifat-cermin-cembung/" rel="attachment wp-att-2976" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Sifat Cermin Cembung" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2976" height="146" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sifat-Cermin-Cembung-300x146.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sifat-Cermin-Cembung-300x146.jpg 300w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sifat-Cermin-Cembung-50x24.jpg 50w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sifat-Cermin-Cembung.jpg 455w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" width="300" /></a>Sinar dipantulkan menyebar</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oleh karena itu, cermin cembung disebut cermin divergen. Selain itu karena nilai R negatif, maka cermin cembung disebut juga cermin negatif.</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Bagian-bagian Cermin Cembung/Negatif/Divergen</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/bagian-baggian-cermin-cembung/" rel="attachment wp-att-2977" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Bagian-baggian cermin cembung" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2977" height="139" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-baggian-cermin-cembung-300x139.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-baggian-cermin-cembung-300x139.jpg 300w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-baggian-cermin-cembung-50x23.jpg 50w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Bagian-baggian-cermin-cembung.jpg 440w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" width="300" /></a>Bagian-baggian cermin cembung</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada cermin cembung, benda selalu di ruang (4) sehingga bayangan di ruang (1).</span></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Sinar-sinar Istimewa Pada Cermin Cembung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cermin cembung juga memiliki 3 sinar istimewa, yaitu:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 5px 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar datang sejajar sumbu utama cermin akan dipantulkan seolah-olah berasal dari titik fokus F.</span><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2978" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; width: 304px;">
<a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/sinar-sejajarsumbu-utama/" rel="attachment wp-att-2978" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Sinar sejajarsumbu utama" class="wp-image-2978 size-full" height="168" sizes="(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-sejajarsumbu-utama.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-sejajarsumbu-utama.jpg 294w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-sejajarsumbu-utama-50x29.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; max-width: 558px;" width="294" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; line-height: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 5px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar sejajar sumbu utama</span></div>
</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar datang menuju titik fokus F akan dipantulkan sejajar sumbu utama.</span><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2979" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; width: 301px;">
<a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/sinar-menuju-titik-fokus/" rel="attachment wp-att-2979" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Sinar menuju titik fokus" class="size-full wp-image-2979" height="159" sizes="(max-width: 291px) 100vw, 291px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-menuju-titik-fokus.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-menuju-titik-fokus.jpg 291w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-menuju-titik-fokus-50x27.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; max-width: 558px;" width="291" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; line-height: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 5px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar menuju titik fokus</span></div>
</div>
</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar datang menuju ke titik pusat kelengkungan M akan dipantulkan kembali seolah-olah berasal dari titik M.</span><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_2980" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; width: 287px;">
<a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/sinar-menuju-pusat-kelengkungan/" rel="attachment wp-att-2980" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Sinar menuju pusat kelengkungan" class="size-full wp-image-2980" height="165" sizes="(max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-menuju-pusat-kelengkungan.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-menuju-pusat-kelengkungan.jpg 277w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Sinar-menuju-pusat-kelengkungan-50x30.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; max-width: 558px;" width="277" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; line-height: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 5px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinar menuju pusat kelengkungan</span></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Lukisan Bayangan Pada Cermin Cembung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/variabel-pada-cermin-cembung/" rel="attachment wp-att-2982" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Variabel pada cermin cembung" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-2982" height="186" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Variabel-pada-cermin-cembung-300x186.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Variabel-pada-cermin-cembung-300x186.jpg 300w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Variabel-pada-cermin-cembung-50x31.jpg 50w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Variabel-pada-cermin-cembung.jpg 378w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px;" width="300" /></a>Variabel pada cermin cembung</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat bayangan yang dibentuk selalu:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 5px 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">maya</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">tegak</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">diperkecil</span></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Rumus-rumus yang berlaku pada cermin cembung</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rumus-rumus yang berlaku pada cermin cembung sama seperti rumus cermin cekung, yaitu:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/pembentukan-bayangan/rumus-rumus-yang-berlaku-pada-cermin-cembung/" rel="attachment wp-att-2981" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Rumus-rumus yang berlaku pada cermin cembung" class="aligncenter wp-image-2981 size-full" height="131" sizes="(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px" src="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Rumus-rumus-yang-berlaku-pada-cermin-cembung.jpg" srcset="http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Rumus-rumus-yang-berlaku-pada-cermin-cembung.jpg 601w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Rumus-rumus-yang-berlaku-pada-cermin-cembung-300x65.jpg 300w, http://fisikazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Rumus-rumus-yang-berlaku-pada-cermin-cembung-50x11.jpg 50w" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 10px auto; max-width: 558px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;" width="601" /></a>Maya, tegak dan diperkecil merupakan sifat <span class="wp_keywordlink_affiliate" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://fisikazone.com/tag/pembentukan-bayangan-pada-cermin-cembung/" style="border: 0px; color: #212121; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="View all posts in pembentukan bayangan pada cermin cembung">pembentukan bayangan pada cermin cembung</a></span>.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-59264720113393018042018-05-06T22:13:00.002-07:002018-05-06T22:13:31.838-07:00Sifat-Sifat Cahaya<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Sifat-Sifat Cahaya</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RG Squad, sama seperti manusia, cahaya juga memiliki sifat-sifat tertentu, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">lho. Wah, </em>apa aja <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">tuh? </em>Pada materi ini, kita akan membahas macam-macam sifat cahaya. Langsung saja kita mulai, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">yuk</em>! Cahaya merupakan energi yang berbentuk gelombang elektromagnetik. Energi tersebut merupakan energi kasat mata yang memiliki panjang gelombang 380–750 nm. <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Nah, </em>gelombang elektromagnetik tidak memerlukan medium dalam perambatannya. Jadi, cahaya juga tidak memerlukan medium untuk merambat.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Benda dikatakan sebagai sumber cahaya ketika benda-benda tersebut mampu memancarkan gelombang cahaya. Contohnya ialah matahari, api, lampu, dan lain-lain.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Selain benda yang memancarkan cahaya, ada juga benda gelap. Benda gelap merupakan benda tidak berpijar atau tidak memancarkan gelombang cahaya. Benda gelap dibagi menjadi 3 macam, yaitu benda tak tembus cahaya yang tidak dapat meneruskan cahaya, seperti dinding dan batu; benda bening yang dapat meneruskan cahaya, seperti kaca; dan benda tembus cahaya yang dapat meneruskan sebagian cahaya, seperti kertas buram dan air keruh.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berkas cahaya digolongkan menjadi 3 macam:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 20px; text-align: justify;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berkas cahaya yang menyebar (divergen) merupakan berkas cahaya yang berasal dari satu titik kemudian menyebar ke segala arah.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berkas cahaya sejajar merupakan berkas cahaya yang sejajar satu sama lain.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berkas cahaya mengumpul merupakan berkas cahaya yang menuju satu titik tertentu (konvergen).</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><img alt="macam-macam cahaya" caption="false" data-constrained="true" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" src="https://blog.ruangguru.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cahaya.jpg?t=1525668043850&width=600&name=cahaya.jpg" srcset="https://blog.ruangguru.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cahaya.jpg?t=1525668043850&width=300&name=cahaya.jpg 300w, https://blog.ruangguru.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cahaya.jpg?t=1525668043850&width=600&name=cahaya.jpg 600w, https://blog.ruangguru.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cahaya.jpg?t=1525668043850&width=900&name=cahaya.jpg 900w, https://blog.ruangguru.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cahaya.jpg?t=1525668043850&width=1200&name=cahaya.jpg 1200w, https://blog.ruangguru.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cahaya.jpg?t=1525668043850&width=1500&name=cahaya.jpg 1500w, https://blog.ruangguru.com/hs-fs/hubfs/cahaya.jpg?t=1525668043850&width=1800&name=cahaya.jpg 1800w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 600px;" title="macam-macam cahaya" width="600" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: navy;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat-Sifat Cahaya</span></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya memiliki beberapa sifat yang harus diketahui, yaitu:</span></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 20px; text-align: center;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya dapat merambat lurus</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya dapat dipantulkan</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya dapat menembus benda bening</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya dapat dibiaskan</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya dapat diuraikan</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat cahaya yang pertama ialah dapat merambat lurus. Hal ini memberikan keuntungan pada manusia sehingga manusia memanfaatkan sifat cahaya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Contohnya ialah lampu senter dan lampu sorot kendaraan bermotor.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat cahaya yang kedua ialah cahaya dapat dipantulkan. Ketika benda terkena cahaya, cahaya yang mengenai benda akan dipantulkan. Jenis pemantulan terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu pemantulan baur (pemantulan difus) dan pemantulan teratur.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<img alt="Image result for pemantulan baur dan teratur" caption="false" data-constrained="true" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Lmxe1ol9wgUseY44N3FMNa58K33HOM23KXNBcn1L0fr335GNw6dZfaAq1oGoJQkahyhH_7ylhxXOXnSXCAHy8b5iJDDLGDtWWwUDUVeIB2eH1wTe8xKLEZk3sI-QgASOFgGUHqgnYduP-7zqtw" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 498px;" title="Image result for pemantulan baur dan teratur" width="498" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pemantulan teratur dan pemantulan baur. (Sumber: fismath.com)</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ketika cahaya mengenai permukaan rata, licin, dan mengilap, hasil pemantulannya akan teratur. Sedangkan, ketika cahaya mengenai permukaan yang tidak rata, kasar, dan bergelombang, hasil pemantulannya akan baur/difus. Pemantulan cahaya dapat memberi manfaat pada manusia. Contohnya ialah manusia dapat melihat pantulan bayangannya di cermin.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kaca yang bening dapat ditembus oleh cahaya. Ketika kaca yang bening tersebut dihalangi oleh benda lain yang tidak bening, cahaya tidak dapat menembusnya.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="cahaya menembus benda bening-1.png" src="https://blog.ruangguru.com/hubfs/cahaya%20menembus%20benda%20bening-1.png?t=1525668043850" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Cahaya menembus benda bening. (Sumber: idschool.net)</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cahaya akan dibelokkan jika merambat melalui dua zat yang kerapatannya berbeda. Contohnya seperti udara dengan air. Peristiwa pembelokkan cahaya setelah melalui suatu medium rambat disebut dengan pembiasan cahaya.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<img alt="macam-macam sifat cahaya" caption="false" data-constrained="true" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/CBrTVDyebF8uMcDEogWa6SIVZINvAuldg6A1sIWCqZA6cFZbG06_PK_sOf6opEnuSWZgfd7IXV4UiBzA4ykrDZTQCpqA9MwVQGbTqDJVr27e8lYJdZJScgBXMYTu7QjM-N0OR7jNZb5QAoOJ2Q" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; width: 600px;" title="macam-macam sifat cahaya" width="600" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ilustrasi pembiasan. (Sumber: dosenpendidikan.com)</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penguraian cahaya putih menjadi berbagai cahaya berwarna disebut penguraian cahaya atau dispersi. Cahaya matahari sebenarnya tersusun atas berbagai cahaya berwarna, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">lho.</em> Namun, mata kita melihat cahaya matahari berwarna putih. Contoh lain dari dispersi ialah pelangi.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-5977317292439003932018-03-21T19:07:00.001-07:002018-03-21T19:08:22.524-07:00Sonifikasi<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Sonifikasi</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Sonikasi adalah suatu teknologi yang memanfaatkan gelombang ultrasonik. Ultrasonik adalah suara atau getaran dengan frekuensi yang terlalu tinggi untuk bisa didengar oleh manusia, yaitu kira-kira di atas 20 kHz. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Gelombang ultrasonik dapat merambat dalam medium padat, cair, dan gas. P</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"></span>roses sonikasi ini mengubah sinyal listrik menjadi getaran fisik yang dapat diarahkan untuk suatu bahan dengan menggunakan alat yang bernama sonikator. Sonikasi ini biasanya dilakukan untuk memecah senyawa atau sel untuk pemeriksaan lebih lanjut. Getaran ini memiliki efek yang sangat kuat pada larutan, menyebabkan pecahnya molekul dan putusnya sel. </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Bagian utama dari perangkat sonikasi adalah generator listrik ultrasonik. Perangkat ini membuat sinyal (biasanya sekitar 20 kHz) yang berkekuatan ke transduser. Transduser ini mengubah sinyal listrik dengan menggunakan kristal piezoelektrik, atau kristal yang merespon langsung ke listrik dengan menciptakan getaran mekanis dan kemudian dikeluarkan melewati <i>probe</i>. <i>Probe</i> sonikasi mengirimkan getaran ke larutan yang disonikasi. <i>Probe</i> ini akan bergerak seiring dengan getaran dan mentransmisikan ke dalam larutan. Probe bergerak naik dan turun pada tingkat kecepatan yang tinggi, meskipun amplitudo dapat dikontrol dan dipilih berdasarkan kualitas larutan yang disonikasi. Gerakan cepat probe menimbulkan efek yang disebut kavitasi. Rangkaian alat sonikasi dapat dilihat pada Gambar I.</span><br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCoHODisvvRQwDsptXZy4_w_WDeyz0J6k3dqnwWQB-cTMRqYvuF1PTAVQTijk8hffZkvVNIs1lraWsbP5KKq96RIMYgicylGLU-dNbkS32moJwjBPjW0UinOcs8SuTKiixsSx2h4NzW0/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #6699cc; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCoHODisvvRQwDsptXZy4_w_WDeyz0J6k3dqnwWQB-cTMRqYvuF1PTAVQTijk8hffZkvVNIs1lraWsbP5KKq96RIMYgicylGLU-dNbkS32moJwjBPjW0UinOcs8SuTKiixsSx2h4NzW0/s1600/Capture.JPG" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Gambar I. Rangkaian Alat Sonikasi</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Dalam hal kinetika kimia, ultrasonik dapat meningkatkan kereaktifan kimia pada suatu sistem yang secara efektif bertindak sebagai katalis untuk lebih mereaktifkan atom – atom dan molekul dalam sistem. Pada reaksi yang menggunakan bahan padat, ultrasonik ini berfungsi untuk memecah padatan dari energi yang ditimbulkan akibat runtuhnya kavitasi. Dampaknya ialah luas permukaan padatan lebih besar sehingga laju reaksi meningkat (Suslick, 1989).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> Semakin lama waktu sonikasi, ukuran partikel cenderung lebih homogen dan mengecil yang akhirnya menuju ukuran nanopartikel yang stabil serta penggumpalan pun semakin berkurang. Hal ini disebabkan karena gelombang kejut pada metode sonikasi dapat memisahkan penggumpalan partikel (<i>agglomeration</i>) dan terjadi dispersi sempurna dengan penambahan surfaktan sebagai penstabil. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Daya ultrasonik meningkatkan perubahan kimia dan fisik dalam media cair melalui generasi dan pecah dari gelembung kavitasi. Seperti ultrasonik, gelombang suara disebarkan melalui serangkaian kompresi dan penghalusan gelombang diinduksi dalam molekul medium yang dilewatinya. Pada daya yang cukup tinggi siklus penghalusan dapat melebihi kekuatan menarik dari molekul cairan dan kavitasi gelembung akan terbentuk. Gelembung tersebut tumbuh dengan proses yang dikenal sebagai difusi yang dikoreksi yaitu sejumlah kecil uap (atau gas) dari media memasuki gelembung selama fase ekspansi dan tidak sepenuhnya dikeluarkan selama kompresi. Gelembung berkembang selama periode beberapa siklus untuk ukuran kesetimbangan untuk frekuensi tertentu digunakan. Ini adalah fenomena gelembung ketika pecah dalam siklus kompresi yang menghasilkan energi untuk efek kimia dan mekanik (Gambar II). Pecahnya gelembung kavitasi merupakan fenomena luar biasa yang disebabkan oleh kekuatan suara. Dalam sistem cair pada frekuensi ultrasonik 20kHz setiap pecahnya gelembung kavitasi bertindak sebagai lokal "hotspot" menghasilkan suhu sekitar 4.000 K dan tekanan lebih dari 1000 atmosfer. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-oSKbsLygfzvKXaUmbB1TypWm06Q0c_IzxxyBc4UiPlb-lo-Thw0HwGFukaRsATC3LNPrcpFh-U60wCYYIpGvQjpKdkhX9fwEWQq2DhZChcHMZ4nwf16C2CG5ACPXKkDyZ77RXIP2ZQ/s1600/Capture2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #6699cc; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-oSKbsLygfzvKXaUmbB1TypWm06Q0c_IzxxyBc4UiPlb-lo-Thw0HwGFukaRsATC3LNPrcpFh-U60wCYYIpGvQjpKdkhX9fwEWQq2DhZChcHMZ4nwf16C2CG5ACPXKkDyZ77RXIP2ZQ/s1600/Capture2.JPG" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.275px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Gambar II. Generasi Acoustic Cavitation</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 22.275px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><br />
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 22.275px; text-indent: 1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Menurut Gogate berkaitan dengan reaksi kimia, kavitasi dapat mempengaruhi hal berikut:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><br />
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 22.275px;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">a. Mengurangi waktu reaksi</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"></span><br />
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 24px;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">b. Meningkatkan yield dalam reaksi kimia</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 24px;">
c. Mengurangi ”<i>force</i>” suhu dan tekanan</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 24px;">
d. Mengurangi periode induksi dan reaksi yang diinginkan</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 24px;">
e. Meningkatkan selektivitas</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 24px;">
f. Membangkitkan radikal bebas </div>
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;"> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 14.85px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;">Sebagai tambahan terhadap timbulnya kondisi-kondisi ekstrem di dalam gelembung juga dihasilkan efek mekanik seperti terjadinya <i>collaps</i> gelembung yang sangat cepat. Hal ini juga sangat penting dalam bidang sintesis dan termasuk juga <i>degassing</i> yang sangat cepat dari kavitasi cairan serta dalam hal pembentukan kristal yang cepat.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-88066867489012425072018-03-21T19:02:00.000-07:002018-03-21T19:02:31.130-07:00Pembersih Ultrasonik<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Pembersih Ultrasonik</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="PS-20A" src="http://ukurkadarair.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PS-20A.jpg" /></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Bagaimana ultrasonik cleaner bekerja ???</span></h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
<a href="http://ukurkadarair.com/category/ultrasonic-cleaner/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #616161; text-decoration-line: none;">Pembersihan ultrasonik</a> adalah penghapusan yang cepat dan lengkap kontaminan dari objek dengan cara membenamkan mereka dalam tangki cairan dibanjiri dengan frekuensi tinggi gelombang suara. Gelombang suara yang tidak terdengar membuat aksi sikat menggosok dalam cairan.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
Proses ini disebabkan oleh frekuensi tinggi energi listrik yang diubah oleh transducer menjadi gelombang suara frekuensi tinggi – energi ultrasonik. Kemampuannya untuk membersihkan zat bahkan yang paling ulet dari item berasal dari inti unit: transduser. Kekuatan membersihkan dari unit berasal dari kinerja transduser.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
Efisiensi transduser akan mempengaruhi baik waktu pembersihan dan kemanjuran dicapai selama siklus pembersihan. Sebuah transduser berkualitas buruk akan menggunakan daya lebih dan memakan waktu lebih lama untuk membersihkan barang-barang dari transduser yang baik.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Ultrasonic cleaning<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Energi ultrasonik memasuki cairan dalam tangki dan menyebabkan pembentukan cepat dan runtuhnya gelembung menit: sebuah fenomena yang dikenal sebagai kavitasi. Gelembung meningkat pesat dalam ukuran sampai mereka meledak terhadap permukaan item direndam dalam tangki dalam pelepasan energi yang sangat besar, yang mengangkat kontaminasi dari permukaan dan relung terdalam bagian berbentuk rumit.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Ini adalah kemampuan untuk membersihkan sendi box, engsel dan benang dengan cepat dan efektif yang telah membuat pembersih ultrasonik pilihan pertama bagi banyak industri selama lebih dari 25 tahun.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
Ada banyak variabel yang perlu mempertimbangkan saat membersihkan barang-barang. Panas, listrik, frekuensi, jenis deterjen dan waktu semua mempengaruhi proses pembersihan tetapi fleksibilitas ultrasonik berarti bahwa ini semua dapat dimasukkan ke dalam proses untuk mencapai hasil yang paling efektif.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #404040; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
Sebagai gelembung meledak dan kavitasipasti akan terjadi, larutan pembersih bergegas ke dalam celah yang ditinggalkan oleh gelembung. Sebagai cairan ini membuat kontak dengan forceps, kontaminan<span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span>yang hadir akan dihapus.</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-10658944743545648752018-03-21T18:57:00.004-07:002018-03-21T18:58:28.482-07:00Terapi Ultrasonik<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Terapi Ultrasonik</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fafcff; color: #2a2a2a; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://fisiosugargroup.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/ft12.jpg" style="color: #0a8fbc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" src="https://fisiosugargroup.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/ft12.jpg?w=300" style="border: 1px solid rgb(176, 176, 176); height: auto; margin: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding: 5px;" /></a><br /><a href="https://fisiosugargroup.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/ft11.jpg" style="color: #0a8fbc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" src="https://fisiosugargroup.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/ft11.jpg?w=300" style="border: 1px solid rgb(176, 176, 176); height: auto; margin: 5px; max-width: 97%; padding: 5px;" /></a><br />TERAPI ULTRASONIK (US)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">By : joko <span class="skimlinks-unlinked">santoso.Amf</span> (physiotherapist of <span class="skimlinks-unlinked">PT.GULA</span> PUTIH MATARAM)</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fafcff; color: #2a2a2a; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pengertian<br />Terapi dengan menggunakan mekanisme getaran dari gelombang suaradengan frekuensi tinggi lebih dari 20.000 Hz.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fafcff; color: #2a2a2a; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tujuan<br />1. Membantu mempercepat proses penyembuhan jaringan lunak.<br />2. Membantu mengurangi rasa nyeri pada otot dan sendi.<br />3. Membantu meningkatkan kemampuan regenerasi jaringan.<br />4. Membantu relaksasi otot dan mengurangi spasme otot.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-84574938887569114822018-03-21T18:55:00.000-07:002018-03-21T18:55:00.051-07:00Sonar<div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Sonar</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white;">Sonar</b><span style="background-color: white;"> (Singkatan dari </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">bahasa Inggris</span><span style="background-color: white;">: </span><b style="background-color: white;">SO</b><span style="background-color: white;">und </span><b style="background-color: white;">N</b><span style="background-color: white;">avigation </span><b style="background-color: white;">A</b><span style="background-color: white;">nd </span><b style="background-color: white;">R</b><span style="background-color: white;">anging), merupakan istilah </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Amerika</span><span style="background-color: white;"> yang pertama kali digunakan semasa Perang Dunia, yang berarti penjarakan dan navigasi suara, adalah sebuah teknik yang menggunakan penjalaran </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">suara</span><span style="background-color: white;"> dalam air untuk </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">navigasi</span><span style="background-color: white;"> atau mendeteksi kendaraan air lainnya. Sementara itu, </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Inggris</span><span style="background-color: white;"> punya sebutan lain untuk sonar, yakni </span><span style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">ASDIC</span><span style="background-color: white;"> (</span><i style="background-color: white;">Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee</i><span style="background-color: white;">).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.XdDG6P3KbT6C8h6F7pa4BgHaHa&pid=15.1&P=0&w=300&h=300" imageanchor="1"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.XdDG6P3KbT6C8h6F7pa4BgHaHa&pid=15.1&P=0&w=300&h=300" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Cara Kerja</b></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Sonar merupakan sistem yang menggunakan <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">gelombang suara</span> bawah air yang dipancarkan dan dipantulkan untuk mendeteksi dan menetapkan lokasi objek di bawah laut atau untuk mengukur jarak bawah laut. Sejauh ini sonar telah luas digunakan untuk mendeteksi <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">kapal selam</span> dan <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">ranjau</span>, mendeteksi kedalaman, penangkapan ikan komersial, keselamatan penyelaman, dan komunikasi di laut.</span></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cara kerja perlengkapan sonar adalah dengan mengirim gelombang suara bawah permukaan dan kemudian menunggu untuk gelombang pantulan (<i>echo</i>). Data suara dipancar ulang ke <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">operator</span> melalui pengeras suara atau ditayangkan pada monitor.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> 2. Dua Jenis Sonar</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Alat sonar pertama digolongkan sebagai <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">sonar pasif</span>, di mana tidak ada sinyal yang dikirim keluar.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pada tahun <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">1918</span> Inggris dan AS membuat sistem aktif, di mana sinyal <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">sonar aktif</span> dikirim dan diterima kembali. Misalnya saja untuk mengetahui jarak satu objek, petugas sonar mengukur waktu yang diperlukan oleh sinyal sejak dipancarkan hingga diterima kembali. Karena tidak ada sinyal yang dikirim pada sistem pasif, alat hanya mendengarkan. Pada sistem pasif maju, ada bank <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">data sonik</span> (sumber bunyi) yang besar. Sistem komputer menggunakan bank data tadi untuk mengenali kelas kapal, juga aksinya (kecepatan atau senjata yang ditembakkan).</span></div>
</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-71520595829095823052018-03-21T18:48:00.000-07:002018-03-21T18:48:13.348-07:00Ultrasonografi (USG)<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Ultrasonografi</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ultrasonografi (USG) adalah alat pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan
ultrasound (gelombang suara) yang dipancarkan oleh transduser.
Suara merupakan fenomena fisika untuk mentransfer energi dari
satu titik ke titik yang lainnya sehingga mendapatkan gambaran
yang jelas hampir semua bagian tubuh, kecuali bagian tubuh yang
dipenuhi udara atau ditutupi tulang.</span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://tse3.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.xFKVgLag4JhnBltcwu8rgAHaE8&pid=15.1&P=0&w=259&h=174" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://tse3.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.xFKVgLag4JhnBltcwu8rgAHaE8&pid=15.1&P=0&w=259&h=174" /></a></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-34664491007186230912018-03-21T18:41:00.000-07:002018-03-21T18:41:01.744-07:00Mekanisme Pendengaran Manusia<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Mekanisme Pendengaran Manusia</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #444444; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimq9Du_ZmS16UkBZQFMzLGJnwp7hifYWwbiQ1w24V4SHUdngZnXsT6Qqqgky7FpmRoKrSr12C0cIFBrCu6qrnrKp5PzCi1EIKjbQ5HrezHHnzR1Fq6kmOxOvNbPix-XS8OWBwQ59iISCA/s1600/semua+berbeda+telinga.png" imageanchor="1" style="border: 0px; color: #0b4071; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.25s; vertical-align: baseline;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimq9Du_ZmS16UkBZQFMzLGJnwp7hifYWwbiQ1w24V4SHUdngZnXsT6Qqqgky7FpmRoKrSr12C0cIFBrCu6qrnrKp5PzCi1EIKjbQ5HrezHHnzR1Fq6kmOxOvNbPix-XS8OWBwQ59iISCA/s1600/semua+berbeda+telinga.png" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03) 0px 0px 0px 1px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 2px; max-width: 95%; opacity: 1; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 0.6s ease; vertical-align: middle;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bagaimana bunyi dapat kita dengar?</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Mungkin pertanyaan seperti ini akan muncul ketika kita membahas tentang bagaiamana proses manusia bisa mendengar sebuah suara, jadi seperti ini </span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Suara</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> sampai pada lubang telinga karena getarannya diterima oleh gendang suara (membran timpani). Getaran di membran timpani ini akan diteruskan ke bagian tengah telinga yaitu ke tulang martil, landasan, kemudian sanggurdi. Impuls suara diteruskan ke telinga bagian dalam yaitu ke</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> rumah</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> siput dan merangsang saraf di sekitar cairan rumah siput dan dikirim ke otak. Selanjutnya di otak, suara tersebut diolah sehingga kita dapat mendengar dan mengartikannya. Secara skematis proses mendengar dapat ditulis sebagai berikut.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Getaran Suara =>… masuk….Daun telinga =>… masuk….Saluran pendengaran=>…ditangkap…Membran timpani=>…melewati…</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Tulang martil=>…melewati…Tulang landasan=>…melewati…Tulang sanggurdi=>…diterima…Kortil=>…diteruskan…Lobus temporalis=>…hasil…<<Suara>></b></span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span></div>
<div class="p0" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0pt 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jadi seperti itulah mekanisme proses pendengaran manusia</span></span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-40011162188130060212018-03-21T18:38:00.001-07:002018-03-21T18:38:09.973-07:00Bunyi<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Bunyi</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5-141106225157-conversion-gate01/95/49gelombang-bunyi-22-638.jpg?cb=1415314478" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5-141106225157-conversion-gate01/95/49gelombang-bunyi-22-638.jpg?cb=1415314478" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Bunyi</b> atau <b>suara</b> adalah pemampatan mekanis atau <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">gelombang longitudinal</span> yang merambat melalui <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">medium</span>. Medium atau zat perantara ini dapat berupa zat <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">cair</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">padat</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">gas</span>. Jadi, gelombang bunyi dapat merambat misalnya di dalam <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">air</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">batu bara</span>, atau <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">udara</span>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kebanyakan suara adalah gabungan berbagai sinyal getar terdiri dari gelombang <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">harmonis</span>, tetapi suara murni secara teoretis dapat dijelaskan dengan kecepatan getar <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">osilasi</span> atau <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">frekuensi</span> yang diukur dalam satuan getaran <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Hertz</span> (Hz) dan <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">amplitudo</span> atau <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">kenyaringan bunyi</span> dengan pengukuran dalam satuan tekanan suara <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">desibel</span> (dB).</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Manusia mendengar bunyi saat <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">gelombang bunyi</span>, yaitu getaran di udara atau medium lain, sampai ke <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">gendang telinga</span> manusia. Batas frekuensi bunyi yang dapat didengar oleh <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">telinga</span> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">manusia</span> berkisar antara 20 Hz sampai 20 kHz pada amplitudo berbagai variasi dalam kurva responsnya. Suara di atas 20 kHz disebut <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">ultrasonik</span> dan di bawah 20 Hz disebut <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">infrasonik</span>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b> 1. </b></span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kenyaringan dan Desibel</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Bunyi <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">kereta</span> lebih nyaring daripada bunyi bisikan, sebab bunyi kereta menghasilkan getaran lebih besar di udara. Kenyaringan bunyi juga bergantung pada jarak kita dari sumber bunyi. Kenyaringan diukur dalam satuan tekanan suara <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">desibel</span> (dB). Bunyi <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">pesawat jet</span> yang lepas landas mencapai tekanan suara sekitar 120 dB. Sedang bunyi desiran <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">daun</span> sekitar 33 dB.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kebanyakan suara adalah gabungan berbagai sinyal getaran, tetapi suara murni secara teoretis dapat dijelaskan dengan adanya kecepatan getar osilasi atau frekuensi yang diukur dalam satuan Hertz (Hz) dan amplitudo atau kenyaringan bunyi dengan pengukuran dalam satuan desibel (dB).</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Manusia mendengar bunyi saat gelombang bunyi bergetar, yaitu getaran merambat di udara atau medium lain, sampai ke gendang telinga manusia. Ambang frekuensi bunyi yang dapat didengar oleh telinga manusia berkisar getaran frekuensi 20 Hz sampai 20.000 Hz, pada amplitudo getaran dengan berbagai variasi dalam kurva responsnya. Suara di atas 20.000 Hz disebut ultrasonik dan di bawah 20 Hz disebut infrasonik.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b>2. Gema</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Gema terjadi jika bunyi dipantulkan oleh suatu permukaan, seperti tebing pegunungan, tembok dan getaran kembali pada telinga kita segera setelah bunyi asli kita dengar. Kejernihan vokal dan musik dalam ruangan atau gedung konser tergantung pada cara bunyi bergema di dalamnya. Suara gema merupakan efek suara pantulan yang mengalami penundaan waktu atau (delay line).</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bunyi atau suara adalah kompresi mekanikal atau gelombang longitudinal yang merambat melalui medium. Medium atau zat perantara ini dapat berupa zat cair, padat, gas. Jadi, gelombang bunyi dapat merambat misalnya di dalam air, batang kayu, atau udara, jadi gema adalah gelombang pantul hasil pergerakan gelombang yang dipancarkan sumber bunyi, yang mengalami penundaan waktu (delay) kembali ke telinga.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b>3. Gelombang Bunyi</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> </b>Gelombang bunyi terdiri dari <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">molekul-molekul</span> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">udara</span> yang bergetar merambat ke segala arah. Tiap saat, molekul-molekul itu berdesakan di beberapa tempat, sehingga menghasilkan wilayah tekanan tinggi, tapi di tempat lain merenggang, sehingga menghasilkan wilayah tekanan rendah. Gelombang bertekanan tinggi dan rendah secara bergantian bergerak di udara, menyebar dari sumber bunyi. Gelombang bunyi ini menghantarkan bunyi ke telinga manusia, Gelombang bunyi adalah gelombang longitudinal.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b>4. Kecepatan Bunyi</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> </b>Bunyi merambat di udara dengan kecepatan 1.224 km/jam. Bunyi merambat lebih lambat jika suhu dan tekanan udara lebih rendah. Di udara tipis dan dingin pada ketinggian lebih dari 11 km, kecepatan bunyi 1.000 km/jam. Di air, kecepatannya 5.400 km/jam, jauh lebih cepat daripada di udara.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <b>5. Resonansi</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b> </b>Suatu benda, misalnya gelas, mengeluarkan nada musik jika diketuk sebab ia memiliki frekuensi getaran alami sendiri. Jika kita menyanyikan nada musik berfrekuensi sama dengan suatu benda, benda itu akan bergetar. Peristiwa ini dinamakan resonansi. Bunyi yang sangat keras dapat mengakibatkan gelas beresonansi begitu kuatnya sehingga pecah. Sehingga karena resonansi benda ikut bergetarnya suatu benda ketika benda lain di dekatnya digetarkan.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-68491673232583128862018-03-21T18:25:00.000-07:002018-03-21T18:25:37.713-07:00Gelombang<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Gelombang</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>1. PENDAHULUAN</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Berdasarkan medium perambatannya, gelombang dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu gelombang mekanik dan gelombang elektromagnetik. Gelombang mekanik yaitu gelombang yang memerlukan medium di dalam perambatannya. Contoh gelombang mekanik antara lain: gelombang bunyi, gelombang permukaan air, dan gelombang pada tali. Gelombang elektromagnetik adalah gelombang yang tidak memerlukan medium dalam perambatannya. Contoh : cahaya, gelombang radio, gelombang TV, sinar – X, dan sinar gamma.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>2</strong>. <strong>HAKEKAT GELOMBANG MEKANIK</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>A. </strong><strong>Terjadinya Gelombang</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Gelombang terjadi karena adanya <strong>usikan yang merambat</strong>.Menurut konsep fisika, cerminan gelombang merupakan rambatan usikan, sedangkan mediumnya tetap. Jadi, gelombang merupakan rambatan pemindahan energi tanpa diikuti pemindahan massa medium.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/monopolesourcedsphericalwave.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="monopolesourcedsphericalwave" class="size-full wp-image-353 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="353" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="monopolesourcedsphericalwave" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/monopolesourcedsphericalwave.gif?w=468?w=288" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/monopolesourcedsphericalwave.gif?w=468?w=288" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/monopolesourcedsphericalwave.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="288,288" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/monopolesourcedsphericalwave/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/monopolesourcedsphericalwave.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="monopolesourcedsphericalwave" /></a><em>Klik gambar untuk lihat animasinya</em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>B. </strong><strong>Pengertian Gelombang Mekanik</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Gelombang mekanik adalah gelombang yang memerlukan medium dalam perambatannya.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Contoh gelombang mekanik :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
– Gelombang yang terjadi pada tali jika salah satu ujungnya digerak-gerakkan.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/104_0167.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="104_0167" class="size-medium wp-image-354 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="354" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"4.5","credit":"","camera":"KODAK EASYSHARE CX7300 DIGITAL CAMERA","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1073211345","copyright":"","focal_length":"5.9","iso":"140","shutter_speed":"0.016667","title":""}" data-image-title="104_0167" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/104_0167.jpg?w=468" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/104_0167.jpg?w=300&h=221" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/104_0167.jpg" data-orig-size="2080,1544" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/104_0167/" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/104_0167.jpg?w=300&h=221" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/104_0167.jpg?w=298&h=221 298w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/104_0167.jpg?w=150&h=111 150w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="104_0167" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
– Gelombang yang terjadi pada permukaan air jika diberikan usikan padanya ( misal dengan menjatuhkan batu di atas permukaan air kolam yang tenang ).</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/frequency_fast6.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="frequency_fast6" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-436" data-attachment-id="436" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="frequency_fast6" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/frequency_fast6.jpg?w=468?w=154" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/frequency_fast6.jpg?w=468?w=154" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/frequency_fast6.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="154,154" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/frequency_fast6/" sizes="(max-width: 154px) 100vw, 154px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/frequency_fast6.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/frequency_fast6.jpg 154w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/frequency_fast6.jpg?w=150 150w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="frequency_fast6" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>C. </strong><strong>Gelombang Transversal</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Gelombang transversal adalah gelombang yang arah rambatannya tegak lurus arah getarannya ( usikannya ).</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Perhatikan ilustrasi berikut ini !</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/plane-wave.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="plane-wave" class="size-full wp-image-356 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="356" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="plane-wave" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/plane-wave.gif?w=468?w=468" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/plane-wave.gif?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/plane-wave.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="501,341" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/plane-wave/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/plane-wave.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="plane-wave" /></a><em>Klik gambar untuk lihat animasinya</em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="clip_image002_thumb4" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-358" data-attachment-id="358" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="clip_image002_thumb4" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg?w=468?w=312" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="312,166" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/clip_image002_thumb4/" sizes="(max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg 312w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002_thumb4.jpg?w=300 300w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="clip_image002_thumb4" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Contoh gelombang transversal :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
– getaran sinar gitas yang dipetik</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
– getaran tali yang digoyang-goyangkan pada salah satu ujungnya</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<em><br /></em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>A. </strong><strong>Gelombang Longitudinal</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Gelombang longitudinal adalah gelombang yang arah rambatannya sejajar dengan arah getarnya ( arah usikannya )</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="clip_image002p" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-437" data-attachment-id="437" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="clip_image002p" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg?w=468?w=372" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="372,129" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/clip_image002p/" sizes="(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg 372w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image002p.jpg?w=300 300w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="clip_image002p" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Perhatikan ilustrasi berikut ini !</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/lw.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="lw" class="size-full wp-image-362 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="362" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="lw" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/lw.gif?w=468?w=447" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/lw.gif?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/lw.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="447,57" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/lw/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/lw.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="lw" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Contoh gelombang longitudinal :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
– gelombang pada slinki yang diikatkan kedua ujungnya pada statif kemudian diberikan usikan pada salah satu ujungnya</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="longitudinal" class="size-full wp-image-360 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="360" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="longitudinal" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg?w=468?w=468" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="594,480" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/longitudinal/" sizes="(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg?w=468 468w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg?w=300 300w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/longitudinal.jpg 594w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="longitudinal" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
– gelombang bunyi di udara</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/image027.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="image027" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-438" data-attachment-id="438" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="image027" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/image027.jpg?w=468?w=219" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/image027.jpg?w=468?w=219" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/image027.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="219,102" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/image027/" sizes="(max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/image027.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/image027.jpg 219w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/image027.jpg?w=150 150w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="image027" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>1. </strong><strong>Panjang Gelombang</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
A. Pengertian Panjang Gelombang</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Panjang satu gelombang sama dengan jarak yang ditempuh dalam waktu satu periode.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
1) Panjang gelombang dari gelombang transversal</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Perhatikan ilustrasi berikut!</div>
<h6 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 9px 0px 0px;">
<div style="padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="clip_image004[3]" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-439" data-attachment-id="439" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="clip_image004[3]" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg?w=468?w=339" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="339,168" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/clip_image0043/" sizes="(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg 339w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0043.jpg?w=300 300w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="clip_image004[3]" /></span></a></div>
<div style="padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/111_standing_wave_animated.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"><span style="font-size: small;"><img alt="111_Standing_Wave_Animated" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-359" data-attachment-id="359" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="111_Standing_Wave_Animated" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/111_standing_wave_animated.gif?w=468&h=128?w=468" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/111_standing_wave_animated.gif?w=468&h=128?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/111_standing_wave_animated.gif?w=468&h=128" data-orig-size="650,178" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/111_standing_wave_animated/" height="128" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/111_standing_wave_animated.gif?w=468&h=128" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="111_Standing_Wave_Animated" width="468" /></span></a></div>
<div style="padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<em><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Klik gambar untuk lihat animasinya</span></em></div>
</h6>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Pada gelombang transversal, satu gelombang terdiri atas 3 simpul dan 2 perut. Jarak antara dua simpul atau dua perut yang berurutan disebut setengah panjang gelombang atau ½ λ (lambda),</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
2) Panjang gelombang dari gelombang longitudina</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Perhatikan ilustrasi berikut !</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="clip_image005[3]" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-440" data-attachment-id="440" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="clip_image005[3]" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg?w=468?w=328" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="328,127" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/clip_image0053/" sizes="(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg 328w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/clip_image0053.jpg?w=300 300w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="clip_image005[3]" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Pada gelombang longitudinal, satu gelombang (1<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><strong>l</strong></span>) terdiri dari 1 rapatan dan 1 reggangan.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>B. </strong><strong>Cepat Rambat Gelombang</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Jarak yang ditempuh oleh gelombang dalam satu sekon disebut <em>cepat rambat gelombang</em>. Cepat rambat gelombang dilambangkan dengan <strong><em>v</em></strong> dan satuannya <em>m/s</em> atau <em>m s<sup>-1</sup></em>. Hubungan antara <em>v, f,</em><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span>λ<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">,</span> dan T adalah sebagai berikut :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="cepat rambat gelombang" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-441" data-attachment-id="441" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="cepat rambat gelombang" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg?w=468?w=357" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="357,134" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/cepat-rambat-gelombang/" sizes="(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg 357w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/cepat-rambat-gelombang.jpg?w=300 300w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="cepat rambat gelombang" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_dd4HS2Gs8fo/SeIa8y2OC4I/AAAAAAAAARY/Qy2J3MVOyiM/clip_image010%5B3%5D%5B2%5D.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Keterangan :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><strong></strong></span>λ= panjang gelombang , satuannya meter ( <em>m</em> )</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<em>v</em> = kecepatan rambatan gelombang, satuannya meter / sekon ( <em>ms<sup>–</sup></em><sup>1 </sup>)</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
T = periode gelombang , satuannya detik atau sekon ( s )</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
f = frekuensi gelombang, satuannya 1/detik atau 1/sekon ( s<sup>-1</sup> )</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>2. </strong><strong>Pemantulan Gelombang</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Jika gelombang melalui suatu rintangan atau hambatan, misalnya benda padat, maka gelombang tersebut akan dipantulkan. Pemantulan ini merupakan salah satu sifat dari gelombang.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Berikut ini adalah contoh pemantulan pada gelombang tali</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="pantulan gelombang_thumb[3]" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-442" data-attachment-id="442" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="pantulan gelombang_thumb[3]" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg?w=468?w=353" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="353,320" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3/" sizes="(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg 353w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pantulan-gelombang_thumb3.jpg?w=300 300w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="pantulan gelombang_thumb[3]" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/fix.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="fix" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-385" data-attachment-id="385" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="fix" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/fix.gif?w=468?w=257" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/fix.gif?w=468?w=257" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/fix.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="257,149" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/fix/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/fix.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="fix" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<em>Pemantulan ujung terikat</em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<em><br /></em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/free.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="free" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-386" data-attachment-id="386" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="free" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/free.gif?w=468?w=258" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/free.gif?w=468?w=258" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/free.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="258,148" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/free/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/free.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="free" /></a></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-style: italic;">Pemantulan ujung bebas</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<strong>Pemantulan gelombang pada ujung tetap akan mengalami perubahan bentuk atau fase. Akan tetapi pemantulan gelombang pada ujung bebas tidak mengubah bentuk atau fasenya.</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<em>Contoh Soal</em> :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
1. Dalam 1 sekon dihasilkan gelombang seperti gambar di bawah ini</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal1_thumb1.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="soal1_thumb[1]" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-443" data-attachment-id="443" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="soal1_thumb[1]" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal1_thumb1.jpg?w=468?w=204" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal1_thumb1.jpg?w=468?w=204" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal1_thumb1.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="204,58" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/soal1_thumb1/" sizes="(max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal1_thumb1.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal1_thumb1.jpg 204w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal1_thumb1.jpg?w=150 150w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="soal1_thumb[1]" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
a. berapakah frekuensi gelombang tersebut?</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
b. Bila jarak PQ = 2 cm, maka berapakah ?</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<em>Penyelesaian :</em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Menurut gambar, gelombang yang terjadi sebanyak 2 gelombang. Berarti, <em>f</em> = 2 gelombang / sekon atau <em>f </em>= 2 Hz.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Pada gambar terjadi 2 gelombang ( 2λ ). Jadi 2 λ= 2 cm atau λ= 1 cm.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
2. Seutas tali yang panjangnya 8 m direntangkan lalu digetarkan. Selama 2 sekon terjadi gelombang seperti pada gambar berikut! Tentukan λ, f, T, dan v.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal2_thumb21.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><img alt="soal2_thumb[2]" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-444" data-attachment-id="444" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="soal2_thumb[2]" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal2_thumb21.jpg?w=468?w=232" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal2_thumb21.jpg?w=468?w=232" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal2_thumb21.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="232,102" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/gelombang/soal2_thumb2-2/" sizes="(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal2_thumb21.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal2_thumb21.jpg 232w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/soal2_thumb21.jpg?w=150 150w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="soal2_thumb[2]" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<em>Penyelesaian</em> :</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Dari gambar terjadi gelombang sebanyak 4 λ.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Berarti : 4λ= 8 m sehingga λ = 8/4 = 2 m</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Selama 2 sekon terjadi 4 λ atau selama 1 sekon terjadi 2λ</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
Jadi, f = 2 gelombang / sekon atau f = 2 Hz</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
T = 1/f = ½ sekon sehingga v =λ<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><strong> </strong></span>f = 2 m x 2 Hz = 4 m s<sup>-1</sup></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-8541864251967807042018-03-21T18:19:00.000-07:002018-03-21T18:19:06.807-07:00Getaran<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Getaran</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>1. </strong><strong>Pengertian Getaran</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>a. </strong><strong>Definisi Getaran</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Getaran adalah gerak bolak – bolik secara berkala melalui suatu titik keseimbangan. Pada umumnya setiap benda dapat melakukan getaran. Suatu benda dikatakan bergetar bila benda itu bergerak bolak bolik secara berkala melalui titik keseimbangan.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pendulum.gif?w=468" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="pendulum" border="0" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-282" data-attachment-id="282" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="pendulum" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pendulum.gif?w=468?w=179" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pendulum.gif?w=468?w=179" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pendulum.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="179,179" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/getaran/pendulum/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/pendulum.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); cursor: move; padding: 4px;" title="pendulum" /></a><a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/ayunan-movie.gif?w=468" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ayunan movie" border="0" class="size-full wp-image-283 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="283" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="ayunan movie" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/ayunan-movie.gif?w=468?w=190" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/ayunan-movie.gif?w=468?w=190" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/ayunan-movie.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="190,300" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/getaran/ayunan-movie/" height="200" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/ayunan-movie.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; padding: 4px;" title="ayunan movie" width="126" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Getaran adalah gerak bolak – balik di sekitar titik setimbang;</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2 = titik setimbang ; 1 dan 3 = titik terjauh (Amplitudo);</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>b. </strong><strong>Beberapa Contoh Getaran</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beberapa contoh getaran yang dapat kita jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari – hari antara lain :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– sinar gitar yang dipetik</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– bandul jam dinding yang sedang bergoyang</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/images.jpg" style="color: #105cb6; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="jam dinding" class="size-full wp-image-292 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="292" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="jam dinding" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/images.jpg?w=468?w=121" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/images.jpg?w=468?w=121" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/images.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="121,121" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/getaran/images/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/images.jpg?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px; text-align: left;" title="jam dinding" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– ayunan anak-anak yang sedang dimainkan</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– mistar plastik yang dijepit pada salah satu ujungnya, lalu ujung lain diberi simpangan dengan cara menariknya, kemudian dilepaskan tarikannya.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_mid_4430.gif?w=468" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="img_mid_4430" border="0" class="size-full wp-image-281 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="281" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="img_mid_4430" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_mid_4430.gif?w=468?w=468" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_mid_4430.gif?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_mid_4430.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="526,171" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/getaran/img_mid_4430/" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_mid_4430.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; padding: 4px;" title="img_mid_4430" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_mid_4430.gif" style="color: #105cb6;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">– </span><span style="color: black;">Pegas yang diberi beban.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_tb_4429.gif?w=468" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="ayunan" border="0" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-280" data-attachment-id="280" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="ayunan" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_tb_4429.gif?w=468?w=188" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_tb_4429.gif?w=468?w=182" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_tb_4429.gif?w=468" data-orig-size="188,310" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/getaran/img_tb_4429/" height="200" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_tb_4429.gif?w=468" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 4px;" title="ayunan" width="121" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/img_tb_4429.gif" style="color: #105cb6; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></a></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>2. </strong><strong>Periode dan Frekuensi Getaran</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perhatikan gambar berikut ini!</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg?w=468" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="definisi2" border="0" class="size-full wp-image-286 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="286" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="definisi2" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg?w=468?w=320" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg?w=468?w=300" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="320,281" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/getaran/definisi2/" height="175" sizes="(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg 320w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg?w=150 150w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg?w=300 300w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; padding: 4px;" title="definisi2" width="200" /></a><a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/definisi2.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></a></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">titik A merupakan titik keseimbangan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">simpangan terbesar terjauh bandul ( ditunjuk kan dengan jarak AB = AC ) disebut <strong>amplitudo</strong> getaran</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">jarak tempuh B – A – C – A – B disebut satu getaran penuh</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>a. </strong><strong>Amplitudo</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dalam gambar 2 telah disebutkan bahwa amplitudo adalah simpangan terbesar dihitung dari kedudukan seimbang. Amplitudo diberi simbol <strong>A</strong>, dengan satuan <strong>meter.</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong><br /></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>b. </strong><strong>Periode Getaran</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Periode getaran adalah waktu yang digunakan dalam satu getaran dan diberi simbol <strong>T</strong>. Untuk gambar ayunan di atas, jika waktu yang diperlukan oleh bandul untuk bergerak dari B ke A, ke C, ke A, dan kembali ke B adalah 0,2 detik, maka periode getaran bandul tersebut 0,2 detik atau T = 0,2 detik = 0,2 s</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Periode suatu getaran tidak tergantung pada amplitudo getaran.</span></em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></em></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>c. </strong><strong>Frekuensi Getaran</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Frekuensi getaran adalah jumlah getaran yang dilakukan oleh sistem dalam satu detik, diberi simbol <em>f</em>. Untuk sistem ayunan bandul di atas, jika dalam waktu yang diperlukan oleh bandul untuk bergerak dari B ke A, A ke C, C ke A, dan kembali ke B sama dengan 0,2 detik, maka :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– dalam waktu 0,2 detik bandul menjalani satu getaran penuh</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– dalam waktu 1 detik bandul menjalani 5 kali getaran penuh</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dikatakan bahwa frekuensi getaran sistem bandul tersebut adalah 5 getaran/detik atau <strong><em>f</em></strong> = 5 <strong>Hz</strong>.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>d. </strong><strong>Hubungan antara Periode dan Frekuensi Getaran</strong></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dari definisi periode dan frekuensi getaran di atas, diperoleh hubungan :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/rumus1.jpg" style="color: #105cb6;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="rumus1" class="size-full wp-image-287 aligncenter" data-attachment-id="287" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="rumus1" data-large-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/rumus1.jpg?w=468?w=201" data-medium-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/rumus1.jpg?w=468?w=201" data-orig-file="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/rumus1.jpg?w=468" data-orig-size="201,58" data-permalink="https://arifkristanta.wordpress.com/belajar-online/getaran/rumus1/" sizes="(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px" src="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/rumus1.jpg?w=468" srcset="https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/rumus1.jpg 201w, https://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/rumus1.jpg?w=150 150w" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 4px;" title="rumus1" /></span></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Keterangan :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">T = periode, satuannya detik atau sekon</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong><em>f</em></strong> = frekuensi getaran, satuannya 1/detik atau s<sup>-1</sup> atau <em>Hz</em></span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-4013571411235603922018-02-25T20:53:00.002-08:002018-02-25T20:53:40.128-08:00Model penyaringan darah pada ginjal<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333;"><b><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Model penyaringan darah pada ginjal</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kelompok:</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Amanda Nur Afifah/02</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Eva Fitriyani/07</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Imey Santoso/11</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jaluna Sang Parudam/13</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alat :</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 buah corong</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 buah kertas saring </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 buah pengaduk</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2 buah gelas kimia</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bahan : </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">200 mL air</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 tetes perwarna makanan warna merah</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 sendok makan tepung terigu</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Langkah Kerja : </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. Masukkan 1 sendok makan terigu ke dalam gelas kimia</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Teteskan 4 tetes pewaran makanana berwarna merah ke dalam gelas kimia </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Tuangkan 200mL air kedalam gelas kimia yang sudah diberi tepung dan pewarna</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4. Aduk semua bahan adar tercampur rata</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5. Lipat dan taruhlah kertas saring diatas corong </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6. Tuangkan sedikit demi sedikit bahan yang sudah tercampur rata </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7. Amati hasil penyaringan </span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hasil Diskusi :</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. Bagaimana perbedaan air dari larutan hasil penyaringan dan bahan awal sebelum disaring?</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Jawaban : </span><br /><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. sebelum disaring masih kental dan berwarna pekat karena dicampur dengan tepung, </span><br /><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. setelah disaring warnanya menjadio lebih bening daripada sebelumnya </span><br /><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Apa yang menyebabkan berbeda?</span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Jawaban :karena tepung yang telah dicampur tadi sudah tersaring </span><br /><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #333333;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Bila rangkaian percobaan pada gambar 9.4 diumpamakan sebagai badan Malpighi, maka </span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Jawaban :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> a. corong dan kertas saring diumpamakan sebagai glomerulus,</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> b. gelas ilmia diumpamakan sebagai kapsula bowman </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">KESIMPULAN: </span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dalam percobaan tersebut corong yang terdapat filter diibaratkan sebagai Glomerulus, jika hasil filtrasi masih kental, maka terjai gangguan pada filter yang terdapat pada corong ( Diibaratkan sebagai penyakit gagal ginjal )</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7p8cMthT9eDU23lUquxaYrqE0qYSSzR4KmoDLNB0zs8B5TNb2pePnzDv_D3MyqiZLe1yJypr00Y06LYCthXCtINam8urH9O2EnVLghuWyCpddMjIq0WyGmpHsO1U5bm6SawNPxQlWqFnz/s1600/IMG20180226104026%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7p8cMthT9eDU23lUquxaYrqE0qYSSzR4KmoDLNB0zs8B5TNb2pePnzDv_D3MyqiZLe1yJypr00Y06LYCthXCtINam8urH9O2EnVLghuWyCpddMjIq0WyGmpHsO1U5bm6SawNPxQlWqFnz/s320/IMG20180226104026%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Gelas Breaker berisi air 200ml</div>
<br style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2qZwyzSmHZkKcA0tfoZ0aa4flW9QTWDIqeZt0EPCBbLzbzflUHSiWO3MuXlBgob85cME2NsgxlxaQRMejdt0m-uZL9Av1_MuGBRRLWDJWu36OnvVhdOOXza-UzPV7mVD6_vQjczjr2KUD/s1600/IMG20180226104201%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2qZwyzSmHZkKcA0tfoZ0aa4flW9QTWDIqeZt0EPCBbLzbzflUHSiWO3MuXlBgob85cME2NsgxlxaQRMejdt0m-uZL9Av1_MuGBRRLWDJWu36OnvVhdOOXza-UzPV7mVD6_vQjczjr2KUD/s320/IMG20180226104201%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Corong Dan tabung Elemeyer</div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrImS343OgapU8qUEN8z7VGXAawN15yS_0FhvIUFvRGXEKelCsKzB6jcS2G5TZyz9RP-XlfljL6puOyVdw3IRiGv3fy-sbBXsewVjp-WOELzDZYwrXssHZrD8nmuJ-Vv83PTI_o2jQHHrz/s1600/IMG20180226104206%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrImS343OgapU8qUEN8z7VGXAawN15yS_0FhvIUFvRGXEKelCsKzB6jcS2G5TZyz9RP-XlfljL6puOyVdw3IRiGv3fy-sbBXsewVjp-WOELzDZYwrXssHZrD8nmuJ-Vv83PTI_o2jQHHrz/s320/IMG20180226104206%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Kertas penyaring</div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlaDjHxyqZOIxog3TcS9Zh92q-uAVlPFiGTirNUnx9-_tPO8_BPh2CBfwek3NFAp47f3e25AAV8jTaU4UIXTMiJwZC2V5dWcJZmt4mMZIrPA3fwVNpT0lyHc24AYu6v8dgLuYPCsh94ZVs/s1600/IMG20180226104133%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlaDjHxyqZOIxog3TcS9Zh92q-uAVlPFiGTirNUnx9-_tPO8_BPh2CBfwek3NFAp47f3e25AAV8jTaU4UIXTMiJwZC2V5dWcJZmt4mMZIrPA3fwVNpT0lyHc24AYu6v8dgLuYPCsh94ZVs/s320/IMG20180226104133%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Air yang dicampur tepung</div>
<br style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja8YAnBCS1_jJzD3uwoiWrC_ocgP33ncyRlWdrgC8-pmKoQb2sKskt4N88uqUKX4QI9BPsMxjT94vNBxLQKDuPxBgGjFJrS4_l07CVNwXQUu84dQqnld53m95mYQBdkw4ItRhqRBHq-OcL/s1600/IMG20180226104217%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja8YAnBCS1_jJzD3uwoiWrC_ocgP33ncyRlWdrgC8-pmKoQb2sKskt4N88uqUKX4QI9BPsMxjT94vNBxLQKDuPxBgGjFJrS4_l07CVNwXQUu84dQqnld53m95mYQBdkw4ItRhqRBHq-OcL/s320/IMG20180226104217%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Air yang dicampur dengan pewarna dan tepung</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYG5pMZ8fnvpEKDBjx0_J0XPf8pFtiq2qOK34wXkkH-roMehHha6m-O6J4-D_B9Dd_owHEyXvnxdhObMvPseUUA504Ry_GIp49edC1SIuo02hgYCKY69pfb7THG1hYVSG6Bm067_hChro/s1600/IMG20180226104238%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYG5pMZ8fnvpEKDBjx0_J0XPf8pFtiq2qOK34wXkkH-roMehHha6m-O6J4-D_B9Dd_owHEyXvnxdhObMvPseUUA504Ry_GIp49edC1SIuo02hgYCKY69pfb7THG1hYVSG6Bm067_hChro/s320/IMG20180226104238%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
lalu dilarutkan</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqZqGkpxyvNdCcWl8Gmw2N1a3kKQdrGh0jwiXpoP2YfDO4dk8zb2BCaNGyYF2gPlNtbCLlYwHYEUfgwFB84DY6i2nxZWGyzf3xpusKxbefXFzWM9Sywi0oUJBufO7ZKq81LjfkzenTE_pB/s1600/IMG20180226104419%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqZqGkpxyvNdCcWl8Gmw2N1a3kKQdrGh0jwiXpoP2YfDO4dk8zb2BCaNGyYF2gPlNtbCLlYwHYEUfgwFB84DY6i2nxZWGyzf3xpusKxbefXFzWM9Sywi0oUJBufO7ZKq81LjfkzenTE_pB/s320/IMG20180226104419%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
proses filtrasi </div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2uabIEU9iiu8pVuD13ClQf6aHL6R3_sQm7HN29gaLUvo9gGOauJa3zJ6AD8B51yVg85uqN-Fna0_mhMGclgIS1qCoW05Aqz7yuZfZGfwrCCFyZ-fwbo1NK8tv0-ppEwV0adOi63TG_6f8/s1600/IMG20180226104450%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2uabIEU9iiu8pVuD13ClQf6aHL6R3_sQm7HN29gaLUvo9gGOauJa3zJ6AD8B51yVg85uqN-Fna0_mhMGclgIS1qCoW05Aqz7yuZfZGfwrCCFyZ-fwbo1NK8tv0-ppEwV0adOi63TG_6f8/s320/IMG20180226104450%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="180" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
filtrasi</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyF355YJzsUKIvDbf_qj0Rq_nnsLJ-nFr7DyRlogqzxVtuA3s9SyjdcWcNTx4DKcJU1PgKyrVNJxkOx2Wezgm4nJuvoJdyYvvHV-6y_VQ9IG8Q5GPMEeWwY7lBchkgzBWhj9nyEpKmSvvx/s1600/IMG20180226110201%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyF355YJzsUKIvDbf_qj0Rq_nnsLJ-nFr7DyRlogqzxVtuA3s9SyjdcWcNTx4DKcJU1PgKyrVNJxkOx2Wezgm4nJuvoJdyYvvHV-6y_VQ9IG8Q5GPMEeWwY7lBchkgzBWhj9nyEpKmSvvx/s320/IMG20180226110201%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Hasil Filtrasi semua kelompok</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5cBD6EG5O0jgTxQbY9b5dZTI6GyCqX1bqnf9ZhzNlCONGuw-YxEIMtruo6DWXSI6r_ggx_s8-v5OzS3bOjgID-0LXFw9refZvOzT-0WGG-V1j3hPCY1VExLB_ZZb7FYBIr9IvhQ-aMdm0/s1600/IMG20180226110214%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5cBD6EG5O0jgTxQbY9b5dZTI6GyCqX1bqnf9ZhzNlCONGuw-YxEIMtruo6DWXSI6r_ggx_s8-v5OzS3bOjgID-0LXFw9refZvOzT-0WGG-V1j3hPCY1VExLB_ZZb7FYBIr9IvhQ-aMdm0/s320/IMG20180226110214%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Hasil Filtrasi semua kelompok</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9U8Ff371zTq2i-kI6SZuL-GDBJgPIO0yuwv4mQ-fjwtOb-7NQY_EaPZG_EKtfN7HNIVCUBG_LTiHLjltPBrPwanIOyNfGtkyj39kvHJaxSKAaJfQ5W6KbJCNJXQs-v95JsqvGQJraIkug/s1600/IMG20180226110838%255B2%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9U8Ff371zTq2i-kI6SZuL-GDBJgPIO0yuwv4mQ-fjwtOb-7NQY_EaPZG_EKtfN7HNIVCUBG_LTiHLjltPBrPwanIOyNfGtkyj39kvHJaxSKAaJfQ5W6KbJCNJXQs-v95JsqvGQJraIkug/s320/IMG20180226110838%255B2%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
hasil penyaringan</div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdQFviX97iiIPWzwD3cD6O4bCxnPFcI0VGV02z6vbAetxm-__uWbb8IaC-urMmFAepv4177DoOA09OecQ6lGjxzI53EPqYPKm9zPlT-J3en6tkeUdk_YVNXSqF6guA8OmSGk7K7Dnj8rId/s1600/IMG20180226110953%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdQFviX97iiIPWzwD3cD6O4bCxnPFcI0VGV02z6vbAetxm-__uWbb8IaC-urMmFAepv4177DoOA09OecQ6lGjxzI53EPqYPKm9zPlT-J3en6tkeUdk_YVNXSqF6guA8OmSGk7K7Dnj8rId/s320/IMG20180226110953%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
Hasil endapan</div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF_9Jd1s4h0U9QkJxuS53cVszJzk5VKdc16v0v-_thLxqltw8gsqjXU1hI5bq4jpAgdkCXY3ndP0LeT3zb9a-n_pUj6JWmkStynTaFzo4b8Wu9zB_AL_p0Usgwvn3PMu_5JXgNa8V-yw59/s1600/IMG20180226105941%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #d12e2d; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF_9Jd1s4h0U9QkJxuS53cVszJzk5VKdc16v0v-_thLxqltw8gsqjXU1hI5bq4jpAgdkCXY3ndP0LeT3zb9a-n_pUj6JWmkStynTaFzo4b8Wu9zB_AL_p0Usgwvn3PMu_5JXgNa8V-yw59/s320/IMG20180226105941%255B1%255D.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: none; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px;" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">foto kelompok</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<br />Video Filtrasi<br /><iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" class="b-hbp-video b-uploaded" frameborder="0" height="266" id="BLOGGER-video-c411b959b74fa030-11009" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" src="https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxF2i9bXwGzm6jPBawHhkoUZ8h7MGlnILV4zwqhjHc4CNPOFXLU8IsTN5DQHLmQ8wHXVbOujEoScIejUCra-Z4-vxEFMfJMkmKpxORHfV_DIhn1ooE-NsKtqMzEtCh6pFTEXX_y" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" width="320"></iframe></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-88432048405781922292018-02-21T18:14:00.004-08:002018-02-21T18:14:44.364-08:00Mind Map ~Sistem Eksresi Manusia~ Kelompok 1<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Anggota:<br />1. Amanda Nur Afifah /02<br />2. Eva Fitriyani /07<br />3. Imey Santoso /11<br />4. Jaluna Sang Parudam /13</span></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtbYRinK39DpoahS7DW4WdoTo7QU4dXF9j1YzxnxVqvNhb63PvQ7ucdH70VSHGXTxa2w7MSYewqSVgr52N8_KCQJzq9dsdote294pfRk5j-r-hvWcrzc4_jwJkYxnmNyZiiuCQle0AS3hh/s1600/20180222_085454.jpg" /></div>
</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-54702382246637923602018-02-21T17:13:00.004-08:002018-02-21T18:13:13.274-08:00Ayo kita diskusikan! ~ Sistem Eksresi Pada Manusia <div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);"><b><span style="color: #36312d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);"><b><span style="color: #36312d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kelompok 1: </span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<ol>
<li><span style="color: #36312d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Amanda Nur Afifah/02</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #36312d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Eva Fitriyani/07</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #36312d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Imey Santoso/11</b></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #36312d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Jaluna Sang Parudam/13</b></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #36312d;"> </span> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>1. Apakah tubuh kita mengeluarkan zat sisa? Coba identifikasilah zat sisa yang dikeluarkan oleh tubuhmu!</b></span></span></div>
<ol style="font-style: italic;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Paru-paru menghasilkan <span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CO2</span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">dan</span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">H2O</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hati menghasilkan<span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Empedu</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kulit menghasilkan<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Keringat </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ginjal menghasilkan<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Urine </span></span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);"> <b> 2. Mengapa zat sisa yang ada di dalam tubuhmu harusdikeluarkan?</b></span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);" /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Jawab</b> : Karena zat sisa mempunyai<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> senyawa beracun</span> yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan serta zat sisa berarti adalah <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zat kotor yang tidak dibutuhkan lagi bagi tubuh</span> dan akan menghambat kerja organ dalam tubuh.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);"> <b>3. Bagaimana dampaknya jika zat sisa dalam tubuhmu tidak dikeluarkan?</b></span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);" /><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);" /><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Jawab</b> : <span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Akibatnya adalah </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tubuh akan menyerap kembali zat sisa tersebut</span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. Maka tubuh akan menerima racun atau toksin yang seharusnya dikeluarkan oleh tubuh kita. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dampaknya</span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> akan menjadi </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">menyerang sistem organ ekskresi manusia.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><i><u>Materi</u></i></b></span></span></span><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); color: #757575;" /></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; color: #757575; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 2.4rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengertian</span></b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Eksresi adalah</strong><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> proses pengeluaran zat sisa metabolisme baik berupa zat cair dan zat gas. Zat-zat sisa zat sisa itu berupa urine(ginjal), keringat(kulit), empedu(hati), dan CO</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; bottom: -0.25em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(paru-paru). Zat-zat ini harus dikeluarkan dari tubuh karena jika tidak dikeluarkan akan mengganggu bahkan meracuni tubuh. Selain ekskresi, ada juga defekasi dan sekresi. </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Defekasi adalah</strong><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> pengeluaran zat sisa hasil proses pencernaan berupa feses(tinja) melalui anus. Sedangkan </span><strong style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sekresi adalah</strong><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> pengeluaran oleh sel dan kelenjar yang berupa getah dan masih digunakan oleh tubuh untuk proses lainnya seperti enzim dan hormon. </span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; clear: both; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAkLQYskdAOFRuNFKULVjtWRdmjWdvjuOaFe8WP5ktEUl9rVQmuTjRAqQke2G3LwcYrZ_i5eRCv8mOcDOTJxpcOmif7lRDTnPmS0bwGLRcz4CYQ0KfSskgtBRQg7AdE_4ZM8P2RMTr_Vah/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #37afc0; display: inline-block; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="1301" height="377" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAkLQYskdAOFRuNFKULVjtWRdmjWdvjuOaFe8WP5ktEUl9rVQmuTjRAqQke2G3LwcYrZ_i5eRCv8mOcDOTJxpcOmif7lRDTnPmS0bwGLRcz4CYQ0KfSskgtBRQg7AdE_4ZM8P2RMTr_Vah/s640/Untitled.png" style="border: 0px; height: inherit; max-width: 100%;" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; clear: both; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ul style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 2.4rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Struktur dan Fungsi</span></b></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); color: #757575;" /></span>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. Ginjal </span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ginjal (ren) manusia berjumlah sepasang, terletak di kanan dan kiri tulang pinggang, yaitu di dalam rongga perut pada dinding tubuh bagian belakang (dorsal).</span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ternyata, ginjal kanan lebih rendah dari pada ginjal kiri karena di atas ginjal kanan terdapat hati. Ginjal berbentuk seperti biji ercis dengan panjang sekitar 10 cm dan berat sekitar 200 gram. Ginjal berwarna merah karena banyak darah yang masuk ke dalam ginjal.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fungsi Ginjal:</span></span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3em; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menyaring dan membersihkan darah dari zat-zat sisa metabolisme tubuh</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengeksresikan zat yang jumlahnya berlebihan</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reabsorbsi (penyerapan kembali) elektrolit tertentu yang dilakukan oleh bagian tubulus ginjal</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menjaga keseimbanganan asam basa dalam tubuh manusia</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menghasilkan zat hormon yang berperan membentuk dan mematangkan sel-sel darah merah (SDM) di sumsum tulang</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; clear: both; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #04648d; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><img alt="74276-004-E7F1BB17" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-167" data-attachment-id="167" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="74276-004-E7F1BB17" data-large-file="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg?w=290" data-medium-file="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg?w=284&h=300" data-orig-file="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg" data-orig-size="290,306" data-permalink="https://rarazara.wordpress.com/kelas-viii-2/semester-2/struktur-dan-fungsi-sistem-ekskresi/74276-004-e7f1bb17/" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px" src="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg?w=284&h=300" srcset="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg?w=284&h=300 284w, https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg?w=142&h=150 142w, https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/74276-004-e7f1bb17.jpg 290w" style="border: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="284" /></span></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagian-bagian ginjal :</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3em; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Korteks</strong>: bagian ginjal yang terdapat badan malpighi (glomerulus dan kapsula bowman), tubulus kontortus proksimal, dan tubulus kontortus distal.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nefron</strong>: tempat penyaringan darah. Di dalam ginjal terdapat lebih dari 1 juta buah nefron. 1 nefron terdiri dari glomerulus, kapsula bowman, tubulus kontortus proksimal, lengkung henle, tubulus kontortus distal, dan tubulus kolektivus.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Medula</strong>: Terdiri dari 9 sampai 14 bagian yang berbentuk piramid. Di dalamnya terdapat lengkung henle dan tubulus kolektivus.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pelvis</strong>: tempat bermuaranya tubulus yaitu tempat penampungan urin sementara yang akan dialirkan menuju kandung kemih melalui ureter dan dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui uretra.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Glomerulus</strong>: Tempat penyaringan darah yang akan menyaring air, garam, asam amino, glukosa, dan urea. Menghasilkan urin primer.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kapsula bowman</strong>: kantong/kapsul yang membungkus glomerulus. Kapsula bowman ditemukan oleh Sir William Bowman.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tubulus kontortus proksimal</strong>: tempat penyerapan kembali/reabsorpsi urin primer yang menyerap glukosa, garam, air, dan asam amino. Menghasilkan urin sekunder.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lengkung henle</strong>: Penghubung antara tubulus kontortus proksimal dengan tubulus kontortus distal.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tubulus kontortus distal</strong>: Tempat untuk melepaskan zat-zat yang tidak berguna lagi atau berlebihan ke dalam urin sekunder. Menghasilkan urin sesungguhnya.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tubulus kolektivus</strong>: Adalah tabung sempit panjang dalam ginjal yang menampung urin dari nefron, untuk disalurkan ke pelvis menuju kandung kemih.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Proses pembentukan urin di dalam ginjal melalui tiga tahapan. Ketiga tahapan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.</span></span><ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: url("https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdSsZ4eEeTrdtCji1I84rLdXkcZSRgcEUkY3TGKY412BpRn2tNu5oGVGc7Hrm0JwgLl5jhMHuEVEhTDDkKJa4Nl2NJsNymFXAhWww_rm2VgTUQdzqaSdagNo8C0U9C0-etNiJ0_fultRs/s1600/bulet.gif"); list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Filtrasi (penyaringan).</i></b> Pada proses pembentukan urin, darah mengalir dari arteri ginjal masuk ke dalam glomerulus yang berisi kapiler-kapiler darah. Pada bagian ini akan terjadi penyaringan pertama yang kemudian akan disimpan di dalam kapsula Bowman. Cairan hasil penyaringan tersebut, tersusun dari urea, glukosa air, dan ion-ion anorganik, seperti natrium, kalium, kalsium, dan klor. Cairan yang tertampung di kapsula Bowman disebut <b><i>urin primer.</i></b></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Reabsorpsi (Penyerapan Kembali</i></b>). Setelah tahap filtrasi, urin primer masuk ke tubulus kontortus proksimal dan terjadi proses penyerapan kembali, yaitu zat-zat yang masih diperlukan oleh tubuh. Saat garam bergerak ke dalam sel, air akan masuk juga dengan cara osmosis, yang kemudian akan masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah.Cairan yang dihasilkan dari proses reabsorbsi disebut <b><i>urin sekunder</i></b>.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><i>Augmentasi (Pengumpulan)</i></b>. Urin sekunder bergerak ke tubulus kontotus distal dan juga di saluran pengumpul. Cairan yang dihasilkan sudah keluar yang merupakan urin sesungguhnya dan kemudian disalurkan ke rongga ginjal. </span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span><br />
<div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); border: 0px; color: #757575; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Paru-paru</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Paru-paru berada di dalam rongga dada manusia sebelah kanan dan kiri yang dilindungi oleh tulang-tulang rusuk. <span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Selain berfungsi sebagai alat pernapasan, paru-paru juga berfungsi sebagai alat ekskresi.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Oksigen di udara yang memasuki alveolus akan berdifusi dengan cepat melintasi epitelium ke dalam kumpulan kapiler yang mengelilingi alveolus, sehingga karbondioksida akan berdifusi dengan arah yang sebaliknya.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/th.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #04648d; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="th" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-187" data-attachment-id="187" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="th" data-large-file="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/th.jpg?w=620?w=300" data-medium-file="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/th.jpg?w=620?w=300" data-orig-file="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/th.jpg?w=620" data-orig-size="300,227" data-permalink="https://rarazara.wordpress.com/kelas-viii-2/semester-2/struktur-dan-fungsi-sistem-ekskresi/th/" height="302" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/th.jpg?w=620" srcset="https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/th.jpg 300w, https://rarazara.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/th.jpg?w=150 150w" style="border: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" width="400" /></span></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Hati</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hati merupakan kelenjar terbesar dalam tubuh, terdapat di rongga perut sebelah kanan atas, berwarna kecoklatan. </span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3em; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sebagai tempat untuk menyimpan gula dalam bentuk glikogen</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">menetralkan racun yang masuk ke dalam tubuh dan membunuh bibit penyakit</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mengatur kadar gula dalam darah</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sebagai tempat pengubahan provitamin A menjadi vitamin A</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">menghasilkan empedu yang berguna untuk mengemulsikan lemak</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">menguraikan molekul hemoglobin tua</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">menghilangkan hormon-hormon berlebihan</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4. Kulit</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Seluruh permukaan tubuh kita terbungkus oleh lapisan tipis yang sering kita sebut kulit.</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kulit memiliki fungsi sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: square; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 3em; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengeluarkan keringat;</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pelindung tubuh;</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menyimpan kelebihan lemak;</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengatur suhu tubuh;</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tempat pembuatan vitamin D dari pro vitamin D dengan bantuan sinar matahari yang mengandung ultraviolet.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mekanisme Pembentukan Keringat :</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bila suhu tubuh kita meningkat atau suhu udara di lingkungan kita tinggi, pembuluh-pembuluh darah di kulit akan melebar. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak darah yang mengalir ke daerah tersebut. Pangkal kelenjar keringat berhubungan dengan pembuluh darah maka terjadilah penyerapan air, garam dan sedikit urea oleh kelenjar keringat. Kemudian air bersama larutannya keluar melalui pori-pori yang merupakan ujung dari kelenjar keringat.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fefefe; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 1.5em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 2.4rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #111111;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gangguan pada Sistem Ekskresi Manusia</span></b></li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">GANGGUAN PADA GINJAL</span><ol start="1" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Batu ginjal</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Batu ginjal dapat terbentuk karena pengendapan garam kalsium di dalam rongga ginjal, saluran ginjal, atau kandung kemih.Batu ginjal berbentuk kristal yang tidak bisa larut dan mengandung kalsium oksalat, asam urat, dan kristal kalsium fosfat. </span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perbanyaklah minum air putih agar air seni lancar. </span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hindari minum atau memasak menggunakan air yang kandungan kapurnya tinggi. </span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jika menderita penyakit gout dan hiperparatiroid segera atasi.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lakukan olahraga rutin dengan tujuan agar metabolisme di dalam tubuh berjalan dengan baik. Idealnya, lakukan olahraga dua hari sekali. </span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jangan duduk terlalu lama saat bekerja. </span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bila terasa ingin membuang air seni sebaiknya segera lakukan. </span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hindari makanan yang mengandung kalsium tinggi, seperti susu dengan kalsium tinggi. </span></li>
</ol>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit ini dapat diatasi dengan pembedahan dan sinar laser. Tujuan dari pembedahan untuk membuang endapan garam kalium. Tujuan menggunakan sinar laser untuk memecahkan endapan garam kalsium.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Nefritis</span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nefritis adalah kerusakan bagian glomerulus ginjal akibat alergi racun kuman. Nefritis biasanya disebabkan adanya bakteri Streptococcus. Rusaknya nefron mengakibatkan urine masuk kembali ke dalam darah dan penyerapan air menjadi terganggu sehingga timbul pembengkakan di daerah kaki.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penderita nefritis bisa disembuhkan dengan cangkokan ginjal atau cuci darah secara rutin. Cuci darah biasanya dilakukan sampai penderita mendapatkan donor ginjal yang memiliki kesesuaian jaringan dengan organ penderita.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. <span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Glukosuria</span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Glukosuria adalah penyakit yang ditandai adanya glukosa dalam urine. Penyakit tersebut sering juga disebut penyakit gula atau kencing manis (diabetes mellitus). Kadar glukosa dalam darah meningkat karena kekurangan hormon insulin. Nefron tidak mampu menyerap kembali kelebihan glukosa, sehingga kelebihan glukosa dibuang bersama urine.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kontrol kebiasaan makan</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kendalikan berat badan</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Olah raga secar teratur</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kelola faktro resiko lain (hipertensi, kadar lemak darah, dll)</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagi yang beresiko tinggi, periksa glukosa darah setiap tahun</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagi pasien Diabetes Melitus kendalikan kadar glukosa darah (dengan diet, olahraga & obat sesuai petunjuk dokter) dan periksa secara berkala. Pasien yang cukup terkendali dengan pengaturan makan saja tidak mengalami kesulitan kalau berpuasa. </span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Albuminuria</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Albuminuria adalah penyakit yang ditunjukkan oleh adanya molekul albumin dan protein lain dalam urine. Penyebabnya karena adanya kerusakan pada alat filtrasi.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Untuk mengurangi resiko terjadinya albuminuria mungkin bisa dimulai dengan membiasakan diri minum 8 gelas sehari, walaupun sebetulnya tidak merasa haus.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Selain itu pencegahannya juga dapat dilakukan dengan tidak mengonsumsi hanya salah satu zat gizi saja secara berlebihan (misalnya hanya protein atau kalsium saja). Artinya makanan yang kita makan juga haru seimbang, baik dari segi jumlah maupun kadar gizinya.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hematuria</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hematuria adalah penyakit yang ditandai adanya sel darah merah dalam urine. Penyakit tersebut disebabkan adanya peradangan pada organ urinaria atau karena iritasi akibat gesekan batu ginjal.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gagal ginjal</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gagal ginjal terjadi jika salah satu ginjal tidak berfungsi. Kegagalan salah satu ginjal ini akan diambil alih tugasnya oleh ginjal lain. Namun, keadaan ini akan tetap menimbulkan resiko sangat tinggi. Karena menyebabkan penimbunan urea dalam tubuh dan kematian.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit ini dapat diatasi dengan cangkok ginjal atau menggunakan ginjal tiruan sampai ginjal yang asli dapat kembali berfungsi.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">B. GANGGUAN PADA HATI</span></span><ol start="1" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hepatitis</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hepatitis adalah radang hati yang disebabkan oleh virus. Virus hepatitis ada beberapa macam, misalnya virus hepatitis A dan hepatitis B. Hepatitis yang disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis B lebih berbahaya daripada hepatitis yang disebabkan oleh virus hepatitis A.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hepatitis dapat dicegah dengan melakukan vaksinasi.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jarum untuk akupuntur atau tatto harus steril</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hindari pemakaian alat-alat secara bersamaan seperti cukur, sisir</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hindari aktivitas sex dengan berganti-ganti pasangan</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hindari mendapat donor darah yang tidak resmi</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">melalui kimiawi yang bertujuan untuk mematikan virus hepatitis</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">pengobatan suportif yang bertujuan untuk melindungi sel hati dan membantu pemulihan sel hati yang rusak</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit kuning</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit kuning disebabkan oleh tersumbatnya saluran empedu yang mengakibatkan cairan empedu tidak dapat dialirkan ke dalam usus dua belas jari, sehingga masuk ke dalam darah dan warna darah menjadi kuning. Kulit penderita tampak pucat kekuningan, bagian putih bola mata berwarna kekuningan, dan kuku jaripun berwarna kuning. Hal ini terjadi karena di seluruh tubuh terdapat pembuluh darah yang mengangkut darah berwarna kekuningan karena bercampur dengan cairan empedu.<span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sirosis hati</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sirosis hati adalah keadaan penyakit yang sudah lanjut dimana fungsi hati sudah sangat terganggu akibat banyaknya jaringan ikat di dalam hati. Sirosis hati dapat terjadi karena virus Hepatitis B dan C yang berkelanjutan, karena alkohol, salah gizi, atau karena penyakit lain yang menyebabkan sumbatan saluran empedu.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyembuhan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sirosis tidak dapat disembuhkan, pengobatan dilakukan untuk mengobati komplikasi yang terjadi (seperti muntah dan berak darah, asites/perut membesar, mata kuning serta koma hepatikum).</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perlemakan hati</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perlemakan hati terjadi bila penimbunan lemak melebihi 5 % dari berat hati atau mengenai lebih dari separuh jaringan sel hati. Perlemakan hati ini sering berpotensi menjadi penyebab kerusakan hati dan sirosis hati. Kelainan ini dapat timbul karena mengkonsumsi alkohol berlebih disebut ASH (Alcoholic Steatohepatitis), maupun bukan karena alkohol disebut NASH (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis).</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kanker hati</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kanker hati terjadi apabila sel kanker berkembang pada jaringan hati. Kanker hati yang banyak terjadi adalah Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC merupakan komplikasi akhir yang serius dari hepatitis kronis, terutama sirosis yang terjadi karena virus hepatitis B, C dan hemochromatosis.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Koletasis dan jaundice</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kolestasis merupakan keadaan akibat kegagalan memproduksi dan pengeluaran empedu. Lamanya menderita kolestasis dapat menyebabkan gagalnya penyerapan lemak dan vitamin A, D, E, K oleh usus, juga adanya penumpukan asam empedu, bilirubin dan kolesterol di hati. Adanya kelebihan bilirubin dalam sirkulasi darah dan penumpukan pigmen empedu pada kulit, membran mukosa dan bola mata disebut jaundice. Pada keadaan ini kulit penderita terlihat kuning, warna urin menjadi lebih gelap, sedangkan faeces lebih terang.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">C. GANGGUAN PADA PARU-PARU</span></span><ol start="1" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asma</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asma dikenal dengan bengek yang disebabkan oleh bronkospasme. Asma merupakan penyempitan saluran pernapasan utama pada paru-paru. Gejala penyakit ini ditandai dengan susah untuk bernapas atau sesak napas. Penyakit ini tidak menular dan bersifat menurun. Kondisi lingkungan yang udaranya tidak sehat atau telah tercemar akan memicu serangan asma.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :<br />Langkah tepat yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghindari serangan asma adalah menjauhi faktor-faktor penyebab yang memicu timbulnya serangan asma itu sendiri. Setiap penderita umumnya memiliki ciri khas tersendiri terhadap hal-hal yang menjadi pemicu serangan asmanya.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit Asma (Asthma) sampai saat ini belum dapat diobati secara tuntas, ini artinya serangan asma dapat terjadi dikemudian hari. Penanganan dan pemberian obat-obatan kepada penderita asma adalah sebagai tindakan mengatasi serangan yang timbul yang mana disesuaikan dengan tingkat keparahan dari tanda dan gejala itu sendiri. Prinsip dasar penanganan serangan asma adalah dengan pemberian obat-obatan baik suntikan (<i>Hydrocortisone</i>), syrup ventolin (<i>Salbutamol</i>) atau nebulizer (gas salbutamol) untuk membantu melonggarkan saluran pernafasan.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tubrculosis (TBC)</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit <span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TBC</span> disebabkan oleh bakteri <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Penyakit ini dapat menular melalui percikan ludah saat penderita batuk.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menghindari kontak dengan penderita TBC.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tidak meggunakan peralatan terutama peralatan makn dengan penderita TBC.</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan untuk TBC bila sudah diketahui sejak dini sebenarnya tidak terlalu mahal dan mudah untuk disembuhkan karena sudah ada obat yang disediakan pemerintah. Bila diperlukan, penderita TBC dapat juga dikarantina di tempat khusus agar tidak menularkan penyakitnya.Penyakit ini juga sebenarnya merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sudah ditaklukan, tetapi belakangan kembali menyerang. Salah satunya adalah karena penderita tuberkulosis ini tidak menghabiskan obat mereka. Obat harus diminum secara teratur selama 6 sampai 9 bulan untuk menyembuhkan penyakit ini. Tidak menghabiskan obat dapat menyebabkan penderita tidak dapat sembuh dan menyebabkan obat tidak mampu lagi melawan kuman karena kuman menjadi kebal.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pneumonia</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus atau jamur yang menginfeksi paru-paru khususnya di alveolus. Penyakit ini menyebabkan oksigen susah masuk karena alveolus dipenuhi oleh cairan.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Selalu memelihara kebersihan dan menjaga daya tahan tubuh tetap kuat dapat mencegah agar bakteri tidak mampu menembus pertahanan kesehatan tubuh.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Biasakan untuk mencuci tangan, makan makanan bergizi</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> berolahraga secara teratur.</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan:</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apabila telah menderita pneumonia, biasanya disembuhkan dengan meminum <a href="http://pinginsehat.info/2011/03/fakta-menarik-tentang-antibiotik/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ec8500; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;">antibiotik</a>.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Emfisema</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Emfisema disebabkan karena hilangnya elastisitas alveolus. Alveolus sendiri adalah gelembung-gelembung yang terdapat dalam paru-paru. Pada penderita emfisema, volume paru-paru lebih besar dibandingkan dengan orang yang sehat karena karbondioksida yang seharusnya dikeluarkan dari paru-paru terperangkap didalamnya. Asap rokok dan kekurangan enzim alfa-1-antitripsin adalah penyebab kehilangan elastisitas pada paru-paru.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menghindari asap rokok adalah langkah terbaik untuk mencegah penyakit ini. Berhenti merokok juga sangat penting.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bronkitis</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit <span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bronkitis disebabkan</span> oleh peradangan pada bronkus (saluran yang membawa udara menuju paru-paru). Penyebabnya bisa karena infeksi kuman, bakteri atau virus. Penyebab lainnya adalah asap rokok, debu, atau polutan udara.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh merupakan salah satu pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sedangkan untuk mencegah bronkitis kronik adalah dengan menghentikan kebiasaan merokok juga menghindari asap rokok agar tidak menjadi perokok pasif yang sangat berbahaya.</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Untuk pengobatan bila disebabkan oleh bakteri atau kuman dapat diatasi dengan meminum <a href="http://pinginsehat.info/2011/03/fakta-menarik-tentang-antibiotik/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ec8500; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;">antibiotik</a> sesuai anjuran dokter. Bila disebabkan oleh virus, biasanya digunakan obat-obatan untuk meringankan gejala.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asbestosis</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Adalah suatu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ec8500; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Penyakit">penyakit</a> saluran pernafasan yang di sebabkan oleh menghirup serat-serat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asbes&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ec8500; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Asbes (belum dibuat)">asbes</a>, dimana pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paru-paru" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ec8500; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Paru-paru">paru-paru</a> terbentuk jaringan parut yang luas. Asbestos terdiri dari serat silikat mineral dengan komposisi kimiawi yang berbeda. Jika terhisap, serat asbes mengendap di dalam dalam paru-paru, menyebabkan parut. Menghirup asbes juga dapat menyebabkan penebalan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleura&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #ec8500; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Pleura (belum dibuat)">pleura</a> (selaput yang melapisi paru-paru).</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Asbestosis dapat dicegah dengan mengurangi kadar serat dan debu asbes di lingkungan kerja. Karena industri yang menggunakan asbes sudah melakukan kontrol debu, sekarang ini lebih sedikit yang menderita asbestosis, tetapi mesotelioma masih terjadi pada orang yang pernah terpapar 40 tahun lalu.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan suportif untuk mengatasi gejala yang timbul adalah membuang lendir/dahak dari paru-paru melalui prosedur postural drainase, perkusi dada dan vibrasi. Diberikan obat semprot untuk mengencerkan lendir. Mungkin perlu diberikan oksigen, baik melalui sungkup muka (masker) maupun melalui selang plastik yang dipasang di lubang hidung. Kadang dilakukan pencangkokan paru-paru. Mesotelioma berakibat fatal, kemoterapi tidak banyak bermanfaat dan pengangkatan tumor tidak menyembuhkan kanker.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Paru-paru hitam</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Paru-paru hitam merupakan akibat dari terhirupnya serbuk batubara dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Merokok tidak menyebabkan meningkatnya angka kejadian paru-paru hitam, tetapi bisa memberikan efek tambahan yang berbahaya bagi paru-paru. Resiko menderita paru-paru hitam berhubungan dengan lamanya dan luasnya pemaparan terhadap debu batubara. Kebanyakan pekerja yang terkena berusia lebih dari 50 tahun. Penyakit ini ditemukan pada 6 dari 100.000 orang.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Paru-paru hitam dapat dicegah dengan menghindari debu batubara pada lingkungan kerja. Pekerja tambang batubara harus menjalani pemeriksaan foto dada tiap 4-5 tahun sehingga penyakit ini dapat ditemukan pada stadium awal. Jika ditemukan penyakit, maka pekerja tersebut harus dipindahkan ke daerah dimana kadar debu batubaranya rendah, untuk menghindari terjadinya fibrosis masif progresif.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tidak ada pengobatan khusus untuk penyakit ini, selain untuk mengobati komplikasinya (gagal jantung kanan atau tuberkulosis paru). Jika terjadi gangguan pernapasan, maka diberikan bronkodilator dan ekspektoran. Tetapi adalah penting untuk menghindari pemaparan lebih lanjut.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinusitis</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sinusitis adalah infeksi dalam rongga sinus yaitu rongga berisi udara yang letaknya dalam rongga kepala di sekitar hidung. Infeksi atau peradangan sinus umumnya terjadi sebagai kelanjutan infeksi hidung. Setiap kondisi dalam hidung yang menghambat aliran keluar cairan hidung cenderung menyebabkan infeksi dari sinus. Seperti adanya infeksi virus, bakteri atau benda asing penyebab alergi dapat menimbulkan pembengkakan selaput lendir hidung dan hal yang sama juga terjadi pada sinus sehingga menutup hubungan antara sinus dan hidung. Alergen yang terhirup seperti debu, spora jamur, bulu binatang, serbuk sari bunga, dan lain-lain menimbulkan reaksi alergi dan pembengkakan yang dapat berpengaruh atas timbulnya serangan sinusitis.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infeksi virus dan bakteri harus dihindari dengan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh misalnya istirahat dan gizi yang cukup serta olahraga yang teratur.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Hindari juga alergen seperti debu, asap rokok dan polusi lain serta obat-obatan dan jenis makanan tertentu yang dapat menimbulkan alergi.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jenis alergennya harus diketahui agar reaksi selanjutnya dapat dihindari atau dikurangi. Menyelam dan berenang juga harus dihindari karena air dapat masuk ke dalam sinus sehingga menimbulkan sumbatan atau infeksi.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pleuritis</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pleuritis adalah peradangan pada pleura, yang merupakan, lembab berlapis ganda membran yang mengelilingi paru-paru dan garis tulang rusuk. Kondisi ini dapat membuat napas sangat menyakitkan. Kadang-kadang dikaitkan dengan kondisi lain yang disebut efusi pleura, di mana kelebihan cairan mengisi daerah antara lapisan membran itu.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan yang dilakukan pada penderita sinusitis biasanya meliputi:</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Suntikan anti alergi</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menghindari pencetus alergi</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Semprotan hidung yang mengandungkortikosteroid untuk membantu mengurangi bengkak di rongga sinus, terutama karena adanya polip ataupun karena alergi.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tindakan operasi untuk membersihkan dan mengeringkan rongga sinus mungkin diperlukan terutama bagi pasien yang mengalami peradangan yang berulang.</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kanker paru-paru</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kanker paru-paru adalah pertumbuhan sel kanker yang tidak terkendali dalam jaringan paru. Jika dibiarkan pertumbuhan yang abnormal ini dapat menyebar ke organ lain, baik yang dekat dengan paru maupun yang jauh misalnya tulang, hati, atau otak. Penyakit kanker paru-paru lebih banyak disebabkan oleh merokok (87%), sedangkan sisanya disebabkan oleh zat asbes, radiasi, arsen, kromat, nikel, klorometil eter, gas mustard dan pancaran oven arang bisa menyebabkan kanker paru-paru, meskipun biasanya hanya terjadi pada pekerja yang juga merokok.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berhenti dan hindari merokok.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Beberapa tindakan yang dapat dilakukan adalah:</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tindakan operasi pembedahan mengangkat sell kanker</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tindakan Therapy Radiasi</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tindakan Therapy Kemotherapy</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tindakan penyuntikan {Photodynamic (PTD)}</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pemberian Nutrisi dan supplement dapat mengurang gejala yang disebabkan oleh kanker paru. Vitamin D dan Fe sangat baik untuk diberikan oleh penderita penyakit kanker paru, Begitu pula dengan makanan antioxidant seperti blueberri, cherri, dan buah tomat</span></li>
</ol>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">D. GANGGUAN PADA KULIT</span></span><ol start="1" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Skabies</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kudis (scabies) adalah penyakit kulit yang menular, penyakit ini memiliki gejala gatal, dan rasa gatal tersebut akan lebih para pada malam hari. Sering muncul di tempat-tempat lembab di tubuh seperti misalnya, tangan, ketiak, pantat, kunci paha dan terkang di celang jari tangan atau kaki.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">mencuci sperai tempat tidur, handuk dan pakaian yan dipakai dalam 2 hari belakangan dengan air hangat dan deterjen.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menjaga kebersihan kulit.</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Untuk pengobatan luar, cukup ambil daun, kulit, batang, atau akar salam seperlunya. Cuci bersih, lalu giling halus sampai menjad adonan seperti bubur. Balurkan ke tempat yang gatal, kemudian dibalut.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kurap</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit Kurap merupakan suatu penyakit kulit menular yang disebabkan oleh fungsi. Gejala kurap mulai dapat dikenali ketika terdapat baian kecil yang kasar pada kulit dan dikelilingi lingkaran merah muda.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mencuci tangan yang sempurna.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menjaga kebersihan tubuh.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengindari kontak dengan penderita.</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dapat diobati dengan anti jamur yang mengandung mikonazol dan kloritomazol dengan benar dapat menghilangkan infeksi.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Panu</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Panu adalah salah satu penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh jamur. Penyakit panau ditandai dengan bercak yang terdapat pada kulit disertai rasa gatal pada saat berkeringat. Bercak-bercak ini bisa berwarna putih, coklat atau merah tergantung warna kulit si penderita.<br />Panu paling banyak dijumpai pada remaja usia belasan. Meskipun begitu panau juga bisa ditemukan pada penderita berumur tua.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menjaga kebersihan badan.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Usahakan agar kulit dalam keadaan kering dan tidak lembab.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pakaian dan handuk mandi jangan sampai lembab, karena pakaian yang lembab memicu tumbuhnya jamur.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jangan menggunakan pakaian atau peralatan mandi dengan penderita panu.</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Panu dapat diobati dengan obat-obatan tradisional seperti daun sirih yang dicampur dengan kapur sirih dan dioles pada kulit yang terserang Panu. Atau juga dapat digunakan obat-obat yang di jual di pasaran seperti Pandas dan Kalpanax.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Biduran</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Biduran disebabkan oleh udara dingin, alergi makanan dan alergi bahan kimia. Biduran ditandai dengan timbulnya bentol-bentol yang tidak beraturan dan terasa gatal. Biduran dapat berlangsung beberapa jam dan dapat juga berlangsung berhari-hari.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagi penderita biduran, pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan menghindari faktor-faktor penyebab tim bulnya bidur. Seperti udara dingin, makanan dan bahan kimia.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan resep obat yang diberikan oleh dokter.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ringworm</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ringworm adalah sejenis jamur yang menginfeksi kulit. Infeksi ini ditandai dengan timbulnya bercak lingkaran di kulit.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan penyakit ini dilakukan dengan menjaga agar kulit tetap kering dan tidak lembab.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatannya dilakukan dengan mengkonsumsi obat anti jamur.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Psosiaris</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab pasti dari penyakit ini belum bisa ditentukan, tetapi hasil dari banyak penelitian penyakit ini disebabkan adanya gangguan pada sistem kekebalan tubuh. Ada dua tipe sel darah putih yang berperan dalam sistem kekebalan tubuh kita, yaitu sel limfosit T dan limfosit B. Pada psoriaris terjadi aktivasi limfosit T yang tidak normal di kulit. Ini menyebabkan kulit menjadi meradang secara berlebihan.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengobatan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Psoriasis belum dapat disembuhkan secara total, tetapi pengobatan teratur dapat menekan gejala menjadi tidak nampak. Gejala yang ditimbulkannya adalah kulit kemerahan yang dapat terjadi di kulit kepala, sikut, punggung, dan lutut.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 2.462em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kanker kulit</span></li>
</ol>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyebab :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Penyakit kanker kulit disebabkan oleh penerimaan sinar matahari yang berlebihan. Penyakit ini lebih sering menyerang orang yang berkulit putih atau terang, karena warna kulit tersebut lebih sensitif terhadap sinar matahari.</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.231em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan :</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan tabir surya atau menghindari kontak dengan sinar matahari yang terlalu banyak</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">itulah beberapa pembahasan tentang sistem ekskresi kali ini :) semoga bermanfaat!!!</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">sumber:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 2.4rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://hedisasrawan.blogspot.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #37afc0; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">hedisasrawan.blogspot.com</span></a></span></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://alyimron99.wordpress.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #37afc0; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://alyimron99.wordpress.com</span></a></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://rarazara.wordpress.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #37afc0; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">rarazara.wordpress.com</span></a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.mikirbae.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #37afc0; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">www.mikirbae.com</span></a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://mystudyhomework.wordpress.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #37afc0; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">mystudyhomework.wordpress.com</span></a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.6rem; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://caput92.wordpress.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #37afc0; cursor: url("http://ani.cursors-4u.net/nature/nat-11/nat1043.ani"), url("http://ani.cursors-4u.net/nature/nat-11/nat1038.png"), progress !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">caput92.wordpress.com</span></a></li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">jika kurang jelas lihat video berikut:</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2_7Q1xQ-NWU/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2_7Q1xQ-NWU?feature=player_embedded" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2.4rem; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="320"></iframe><br /></span><div class="separator" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/EhnRhfFLyOg/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EhnRhfFLyOg?feature=player_embedded" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 2.4rem; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="320"></iframe></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-51193701909227969892018-02-14T17:45:00.000-08:002018-02-14T17:45:16.535-08:00video sistem respirasi<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">video Tentang Sistem Respirasi</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kacMYexDgHg/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kacMYexDgHg?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-26382196691681612952018-02-11T22:31:00.000-08:002018-02-11T22:31:12.480-08:00Jerawat<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Jerawat</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Gambar terkait" src="https://i1.wp.com/www.cysticacneonchin.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/images-5.jpg?resize=225%2C225" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jerawat (acne vulgaris, acne) adalah gangguan pada kulit yang terjadi ketika minyak dan sel kulit mati menyumbat pori-pori. Jerawat merupakan permasalahan yang paling umum pada kulit, yang dicirikan dengan hadirnya komedo, kulit kemerahan karena iritasi, noda hitam, atau bintik merah membengkak hingga bernanah.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Intensitas jerawat bisa berbeda-beda pada setiap orang, mulai dari bentuk yang ringan seperti bintik merah, komedo, sampai pada bentuk yang parah berupa ratusan bintik dan benjolan memerah yang sakit jika disentuh, yang menutupi area kulit tertentu. Jerawat bisa terjadi pada wajah, leher, dada, belakang badan, dan/atau pergelangan tangan bagian atas.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jerawat umumnya terjadi pada remaja atau saat masa puber. Jerawat menyerang pada kedua jenis gender, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, walaupun jerawat yang terjadi pada laki-laki biasanya lebih parah dan dapat berlangsung lebih lama.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Namun permasalahan kulit ini tidak hanya terjadi pada remaja, karena jerawat juga dapat terjadi pada orang dewasa, dan juga dapat terjadi pada balita dan anak kecil.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagaimana cara mengobati, menangani dan mengontrol jerawat?</span></strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Banyak metode yang digunakan untuk <a href="https://www.webkesehatan.com/cara-mengobati-jerawat-secara-alami/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3366ff; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="5 Cara Mengobati Jerawat Secara Alami">mengatasi jerawat</a>, tergantung pada jenis dan tingkat parahnya jerawat tersebut. Misalnya saja dengan menggunakan obat-obatan (benzoyl peroxide, antiseptic, antibiotic, salicyl acid, dll) dan juga dengan tindakan atau prosedur medis (pengangkatan komedo, peeling, microdermabrasion, phototherapy, injeksi corticosteroid, dll).</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kunjungi dermatologist atau dokter kulit profesional untuk mendapatkan informasi dan resep yang tepat untuk menangani permasalahan jerawat anda.</span></div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-59949676005141668972018-02-11T22:25:00.000-08:002018-02-11T22:25:53.028-08:00Diabetes Insipidus<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Diabetes Insipidus</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Hasil gambar untuk Diabetes Insipidus dan cara menanggulanginya" height="204" src="https://ahliginjal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Diabetes-Insipidus-300x192.jpg" width="320" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Diabetes</b> insipidus adalah kondisi yang cukup langka, dengan gejala selalu merasa haus dan pada saat bersamaan sering membuang air kecil dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak. Jika sangat parah, penderitanya bisa mengeluarkan air kencing sebanyak 20 liter dalam sehari.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diabetes insipidus sendiri berbeda dengan diabetes melitus. Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit jangka panjang yang ditandai dengan kadar gula darah di atas normal. Diabetes insipidus, pada lain sisi tidak terkait dengan kadar gula dalam darah.</span></div>
<h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: museosans300, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2.6em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pengobatan Diabetes Insipidus</span></h4>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: museosans300, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Pada diabetes insipidus kranial, pengobatan mungkin tidak perlu dilakukan pada kasus yang ringan. Untuk mengimbangi jumlah cairan yang terbuang, Anda perlu mengonsumsi air lebih banyak. Terdapat obat yang berfungsi untuk meniru peran hormon antidiuretik bernama desmopressin. Jika memang diperlukan, Anda bisa mengonsumsi obat ini.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: museosans300, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: museosans300, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">
Sedangkan pada diabetes insipidus nefrogenik, obat yang digunakan untuk mengatasinya adalah thiazide diuretik. Obat ini berfungsi menurunkan jumlah urine yang dihasilkan oleh organ ginjal.</div>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8922968228087323900.post-79107985855855191982018-02-11T22:22:00.001-08:002018-02-11T22:22:35.513-08:00Hematuria<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Hematuria</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Hasil gambar untuk Hematuria dan cara menanggulanginya" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo7T1vdk8jZl73iCmM513ize22KjXs0nqd6zX1BLd7-OLMNaheYsJUrn2kfHzeEThV6zl6naD8SEM0Ya_7dJjRjPXGKYQ6TcsPG2C7w2lOnbnnOhl9wFxwR1Jt22ZYuwr2zhNcu9ErGs7t/s320/sa.jpg" width="320" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hematuria adalah istilah medis yang menandakan adanya darah di dalam urine. Urine akan berubah warna menjadi kemerahan atau sedikit kecokelatan. Urine yang normal tidak mengandung darah sedikitpun, kecuali pada wanita yang sedang menstruasi.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hematuria sering terlihat sangat menakutkan dan menimbulkan kekhawatiran, namun kondisi ini jarang menjadi pertanda penyakit yang membahayakan nyawa Anda. Meski begitu, Anda harus segera memeriksakannya ke dokter untuk mengetahui penyebab munculnya darah di dalam urine.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Terkadang, terdapat pula darah yang muncul di dalam urine meski tidak kasat mata. Kondisi ini sering disebut sebagai hematuria mikroskopik. Darah yang terkandung dalam urine hanya bisa dilihat di laboratorium dengan memakai mikroskop. Meski begitu, dokter tetap perlu memeriksa penyebab munculnya darah dalam urine.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Darah yang ada dalam urine umumnya berasal dari sistem saluran kemih, seperti:</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kandung kemih. Tempat menyimpan urine.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uretra. Saluran yang dilewati urine dari kandung kemih menuju ke luar tubuh.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ureter. Saluran dari ginjal menuju ke kandung kemih.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ginjal. Organ yang berfungsi menyaring darah.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hematuria pada umumnya muncul akibat kondisi medis lain yang mendasarinya. Pengobatan yang diberikan akan disesuaikan dengan penyakit yang mendasari tersebut. Misalnya, jika hematuria disebabkan oleh infeksi saluran kemih, maka dokter akan memberikan resep antibiotik.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Namun jika disebabkan oleh batu ginjal, pengobatan bisa dilakukan dengan obat pereda sakit, obat tamsulosin untuk memperlancar keluarnya batu, hingga operasi. Periksakan diri ke dokter jika Anda merasa warna urine tidak seperti biasanya.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secara garis besar, hematuria tidak dapat dicegah. Namun ada beberapa strategi pencegahan yang dapat Anda lakukan untuk menurunkan risiko terjangkitnya penyakit yang menyebabkan hematuria, antara lain:</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2c3e50; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infeksi saluran kemih. Untuk menurunkan risiko infeksi saluran kemih, minumlah air putih dalam jumlah yang mencukupi, tidak menahan kencing, serta membersihkan vagina dari arah depan ke belakang (anus) bagi para wanita.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Batu ginjal. Untuk mencegah terjadinya batu ginjal, perbanyak konsumsi air putih dan kurangi konsumsi makanan yang tinggi garam, protein, dan oksalat seperti bayam dan talas.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kanker kandung kemih. Hindari atau hentikan kebiasaan merkok, hindari paparan terhadap bahan-bahan kimia, serta minumlah air dalam jumlah banyak untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya kanker kandung kemih.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kanker ginjal. Anda dapat mengurangi risiko untuk menderita kanker ginjal dengan cara menghindari atau menghentikan kebiasaan merokok, menjaga berat badan agar tetap dalam batas normal, makan makanan yang bergizi, olahraga teratur, serta mengurangi paparan terhadap bahan-bahan kimia.</span></li>
</ul>
AdamJalunahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13969485400249379826noreply@blogger.com0